雪特兰英语中宾语从句句法讲解完整)

2021年1月6日发(作者：熊光楷)
宾语从句
导入：1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
2. I believe that our team＿＿＿＿ the basketball match.
A. win B. won C. will win D. wins
3. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villagers used as a school.
A. which; where B. what; which C. where; which D. what; where
答：选B，动词reach后接宾语从句 ，从句缺少宾语，where不可，which表疑问含义“哪一个…”而是用what
从句表陈述含义 ，意“过去的一座旧庙宇”；temple后为对其修饰的定语从句，用关系代词which修饰used
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
（一）宾语从句总述
一．宾语从句的概念：由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。宾语 从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介
词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语)
Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)
二.宾语从句的语序：永远都是陈述句（即主谓宾结构）
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
特殊情况：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为疑问词＋do you think＋陈述句语
序。
例： whom do you think he met yesterday?
What do you think the article is about?
When do you think the party should begin?
Where do you think they came from?
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
三．宾语从句的连接词

1. 如果宾语从句是从陈述句(转化而来的)，引导词用that,且 that可省略。
e. g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us.
（总体讲完后再讲）但是有些特殊情况that不可以省略：

（1）
当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。
I believe（that）you have done your best and
that
things will get better．
（2）当it作形式宾语时that不省略。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
（3）
当宾语从句前置时，that不可省略。
That our team will win，I believe．
That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
（4）主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。
We decided, in view of his wonderful knowledge , that we would buy 1000 books .
（5）that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。
I know nothing about him except that he is from the south. 对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。
（6）当that作learn,sugges t,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等 动词的宾语时;
I suggest that we should take measures to solve the problems.
2.如果宾语从句是从一般疑问句(转化而来的)，用 whether 或 if 引导,表示“是否”(注意区分whether, if, when)
e. g, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .
I don’t know if /whether there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew if /whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试.
注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。

(1).
在动词know, ask, care, wonder, find out, leave, put, discuss, doubt等之后一般用whether
(2).
当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether,不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.
Everything depends on whether you agree with us

(3).
与动词不定式或 not 连用时,只用whether.与not构成whether~~~or not~~结构
eg, I can’t decide whether to stay.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?

(4).
if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.


(5)
.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
此外 when表示何时引导的宾语从句，表示当···时候引导状语从句
I don’t know when she will come back. But when she comes back, I will tell you.
3. 如果宾语从句是从特殊疑问句(转化而来的),引导词用特殊疑问词
(who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever,when, where, why,
how, whenever, wherever, however)
e.g. you tell me what's the matterwrong with you?
you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？
book will show you what the best CEOs should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什
you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买
到
还有我们之前讲过的特殊情况：
当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为疑问词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。
四．宾语从句的时态
1.主句用一般现在或将来时时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。