搭档英语怎么说高中英语语法宾语从句讲解

2021年1月6日发(作者：鲁宗镐)
高中英语语法宾语从句讲解
宾语从句

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。

1.宾语从句的定义

宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以
做介词的宾语作动词的宾语:

I heard that he would e here later on.

主语 谓语动词 一个句子作宾语

作介词的宾语:

He said nothing about who broke the window last night.

主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个句子作介词的宾语

2.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法

在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：

连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if

代词：who, whose, what ,which

副词：when ,where, how, why 等。

① 连词： He told me (that he would) go to the college the
next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是
否还会有公交车.

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他
是否会通过. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）

可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：

say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder,
know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect,
explain, order, mand, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice,
prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

The boy believes that he will travel through space to other
plas.

Attention：宾语从句的否定转移

当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而
宾语从句的意思是否

定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don’t think it is right for
him to treat you like that.

主句的谓语动词是


think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect, fancy,guess等,
并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要
转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?

我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?

I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't
she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?

如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带
有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy， unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问
句要用肯定形式.

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does
he?

我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？ 当主句的主语是第二、
三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。

Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?

You thought they could have pleted the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?

She doesn't expect that we are ing so soon, does she?

练习题

(1)．I don’t think he is right,__________?

A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I

(2). He believes she is right, __________?

A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she

(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,__________?

A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I

(4). I find _____ important that we practice English every
day.

A. it B. this C. that D. what

(5). You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were

C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

在以下情况中that不能省略

1、当句中的动词后接多于 两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一
个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will
get better．

2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that
一般不可省。

Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was
wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

I can’t tell him that his mother died.

4、当it作形式宾语时

例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．

许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，
而用it作形式宾语。

5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe．

6、当that作
learn,suggest ,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,ho
ld等动词的宾语时;

由whether,if 引导的宾语从句

当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是
否”。如：

I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many
years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not
连用时，往往用whether（if?or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will e or not．（＝Let me know
whether or not he will e）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝
I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道
他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是
去还是留。

②在介词之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他
是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on
time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决
定是否拜访那位老人。 He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or
by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说
不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

Whether she will e or not is still a question．她是否能来
还是个问题。 ⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这
本书，请告诉我

只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句

1、 if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”

The students will go on a piic if it is sunny.

2、 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时

He asked if I didn’t e to school yesterday.

3、 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时

He talks as if he has known all about it.

连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句

这样的宾语从句实际上 是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要
用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask,
answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt,
wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。 ②连接代词：
w ho,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈
述.

Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？

The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.

Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or
Nokia cell phone? 你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?

③连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉
我什么时候我们能再见面.

Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.

练习题

(1) I don’t know ___________or not.

A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home

C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home

(2) This depends on _________ the weather is fine.

A. which B. whether C. if D. that

(3) The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was
in.

A. which B. where C. if D. that

(4) I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will e to see us. He’
ll help us with our English.

A. why B. when C. how D. where

(5) --- Be careful! Don’t break the bottles. Do you hear
______ I said? David? --- Yes, Mum

A. what B. that C. why D. if

(6) --- Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?

--- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. I’m
not sure of ______.

A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where

(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really
don’t know _____.

A. what should I choose B. which I should choose

C. which should I choose D. what I should choose

三.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其
他成分。

I don’t know what they are looking for. Could you tell me
when the train will leave? 练习题

(1) Did you find out ______?

A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she
looking for

C. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was
looking for

(2) Are you interested in _____?

A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he
how did it

(3) I don’t know _____. Can you tell me?

A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players

C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players
are

(4) --- What did the scientist say?

--- He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one
day.

A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he
fly

(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ____?

A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bank

C. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where

（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car?

A. what the matter was B. what the matter is

C. what was the matter D. what is the matter

高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气

1. 语气的定义和种类

（1）语气的定义

语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法
和态度。

（2）语气的种类

A. 陈述语气

表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、
疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready.

Did it rain all day yesterday?

What a fine day today！

B. 祈使语气

表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。

Be careful.

Don’t forget to close the window.

Open the door, please.

C. 虚拟语气

表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、
假设或推测等。

2. 虚拟语气

一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：
条件 句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条
件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的， 句中的条件从句与结果主句都
用陈述语气。如：

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a piic. 假若
明天不下雨，我就去野餐。Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你
如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。

虚拟条件句所表 的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句
中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。

1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去
式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，
could）+动词原形。

如：

If it were not raining, we should go for a piic.如果 现在
不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出
去野餐。表示愿望。）

If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，
他就能够帮助你了。（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。 表示对
他的良好印象。）

2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去
分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have ＋
过去分词。

如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.

要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。

（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示
后悔。）

If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.

今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。

（事实是：她今天早上叫我了， __睡过头。表示感激。）

3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的
过去式(be的过去式用were)； should＋动词原形；were to＋动词
原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。

如： If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take
the course of French.明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。

（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）

If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试
一次。

（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示。）

虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一
种希望或不希望发生的动作。如： If we caught the early train,
we’d get there by lunch time.

假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希
望)

If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at
the station.

假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希
望）

4. 混合型的条件句

当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的 形式应作相
应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合
条件句。较多见 的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），
而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。

He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他
听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。If I had spoken to him yesterday,
I should know what to do now.

假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.

假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。

如条件从句用if I were...，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。

如： If I were not busy, I would have e.

假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去)

If I were you, I would go.

假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)

二. 连词if的省略（倒装）

如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和 should时，可省略
if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语 。

Had you not helped me， I should have failed.要是没有你的
帮助，我就失败了。

Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处
在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Should they attack us, we’ll wipe
them out pletely.

假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们 __消灭干净。

例：1. _________ he would have sueeded in the examination.

A. Had he worked hard

B. If he worked hard

C. If he works hard

D. If he has worked hard

2. _______ it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

A. Should B. Be C. WereD. Will

3. _______, he would teach us how to solve the problem.

A. Were he here B. Was he here

C. If he isD. Is he here

4. _________, we should be glad.

A. Were they to arrive tomorrow

B. They were to arrive tomorrow

C. They would arrive tomorrow

D. They arrive tomorrow

5. _______ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the
sky easily.

A .Were it not forB. If it had not been for

C. If it were not D. Had it not been for

答案：1—5 AAAAA

三. 含蓄条件句

虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这
种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。

1) 条件暗含在短语中。

如： But for your help we couldn’t have sueeded in the
experiment.

如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词
but for your help)What would I have done without you? 如没有
你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)

It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。

(条件暗含在不定式短语 to do it this way中)

This same thing, happening in wartime, amount to disaster.

同样的事，如发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。(条件暗含在分词短语
happening in wartime 中)

He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never
could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，
否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he
would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗
含条件是alone)

2) 条件暗含在上下文中。

如： You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可
能暗含if you wanted to)We would have sueeded. 我们本来是会
成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying)

Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能
暗含 if you should aept it)

3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条
件。

如： You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。

I would like to e. 我愿意来。

四. 不用if引导的条件从句

虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless,
lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语
来引导。

如： The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should
be freed.

农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。

Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the
beginning.

我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。

Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了，
否则我不会上学。

Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would
you aept?