至死不渝的英文英语高考宾语从句考点解析

2021年1月6日发(作者：元万顷)

宾语从句
（讲解部分由李璇、李婷婷整理；综合题部分由周丽丽整理）
宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语。
考点一、 宾语从句的种类
宾语从句的引导词有：that, if, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which,
when, where, why, how
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导 的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和
非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
注意：引导词that用于下列情况是不能省略；
(1) 当宾语从句的主语是that时。如: He says that that is a useful book.
(2) 当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如: I’m afraid that if you’ve lost
it, you must pay for it.
(3) 当 两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略
外，其余从句中的that都 不能省略。如: He said (that) the film was very
interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it vey much.

2. 由以下引导词引导的宾语从句：who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where,
why, how。这些引导词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
Could you tell me what to do then?
I want to know which one you prefer.
I’m wondering how I can get to the nearest park.
He asked me when to finish the job.

3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如：
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
注：只能用whether不能用if的情况：
(1) if不能和not连用。如：I don’t know whether or not he will come.
(2) 在介词后引导宾语从句时要用whether，不用if。如：Everything depends
on whether we have enough money.
(3) 和不定式连用引导宾语从句时要用whether不用if。如：I wonder whether
to go.
(4) discuss，decide后只能用whether不用if。如：We discussed whether we

should close the shop.

考点二、 宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.
He asked me where he could get such medicine.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.

考点三、 宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是现在时或将来时，宾语从句的时态由从句的时间状语决定。
例如：
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
I think I will do better in English this term.
I’m interested in what he has said.
I remember he gave me a book yesterday.
He has told me he will leave for New York tomorrow.
I’ll tell you what I am doing.
I am going to ask who can help me.
He’ll remember what he has been taught.

2. 如果主句的时态是过去时，宾语从句时态也要用相对应的过去的时态：
1）从句的谓语动词表示与主句同时发生的动作，则用过去时或过去进行时。
例如：
I thought he was old.
He asked what time it was.
He wanted to know who she was waiting for.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时。
例如：
He said that he had finished reading the book.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
3）从句谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时。
例如：
She said that she was going to buy a new bike next week.
I wasn’t sure if it would rain.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.

3. 从句表示普遍真理、客观事实时，其谓语动词用一般现在时。
例如：

The teacher told us the moon travels round the earth.
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.

考点四、 宾语从句的否定转移
当主句的主语是第一人称We/I, 且谓语动词为think/suppose/expect/
believe/ imagine等时，要将从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词
用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
例如：
I don’t think you are right.
I don’t believe she will take part in the English evening.
He doesn’t suppose it will come true one day.
The mother doesn’t expect that his son would be successful.
He can’t imagine what had happened.

考点五、 宾语从句的简化
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope/wish/de cide
等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如：
I hope that I can receive your e-mail.= I hope to receive your e-mail.
I wish that I could be a teacher one day.= I wish to be a teacher one day.
I decide that I will try my best to help him.=I decide to try my best to
help him.

当宾语从句的主语和主句的 主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是
know/remember/forget/learn等时，从句可 简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如：
She doesn’t know what she should do next.= She doesn’t know what to do
next.

动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，通常将宾语从 句的主语作
为简化的句子的主语，seem作谓语。
例如：
It seems that football is very interesting.= Football seems to be very
interesting.

宾语从句可简化为名词或名词短语。
例如：
I don’t believe what Tom said.= I don’t believe Tom’s words.

例题：
1. He said________ he could finish his work before supper.(1998年武汉
市)
A. if B. what C. that D. whether

2. —Do you know _______ I could pass the exam?
—Sorry，I’ve no idea.(2003年山西省)
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
3. These pictures will show you__________.(2003年盐城市)
A. what does our hometown look like
B. what our hometown looks like
C. how does our hometown look like
D. how our hometown looks like
4. He asked his teacher________.(2003年南通市)
A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. how would the scientists find out the result
D. where could he find the library
5. Jim doesn’t understand________.(2003年辽宁省)
A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping
6. —When are the Shutes leaving for New York?
—Pardon?
—I asked________.(2003年呼和浩特市)
A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York
B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York
C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York
D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York
7. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25________ Christmas
Day.(2002年辽宁省)
B. was C. has been D. will be
8. —Could you tell us how long_____?
—About three days.(2003年陕西省)
A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last
C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last
9. Do you know if ______ back next week? If he_______ back，please let
me know.(2002年黑龙江省)
A. he comes，will come B. will he come，comes
C. he will come，comes D. will he come，will come
10. The old lady found out where she could buy fruit cheaply.(改为同义
句)(2003年广州市)
The old lady found out ____ ___ ___fruit cheaply.

11. Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002. (北京市中考试题)
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
12.I don’t know when __________. (哈尔滨市中考试题)
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave