toilet是什么意思英语句型结构和从句讲解复习过程

2021年1月6日发(作者：彭定求)
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首先还是讲一下句子结构吧,了解了这个对分析长难句很有 帮助,以前高考前老师也是这么教
我们的,还有熟悉了这个你写作文会比较好用从句,检查的时候也比较 容易发现错误
英语句子结构其实跟中文的有点像,主要有主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 表语
一个最简单的句子至少有主语 谓语这两部分 例如 I believe. (I是主语 believe是谓语)
还有主系表（主语+系动词+表语，系动词是特殊的谓语啦，就是be的各种形态 am are is was
were那些再加上感官动词 smells looks sounds这类的）
例如It sounds good.这类的 还有 It is nice. 这里的nice 跟 good 都是表语 表语都是跟在系
动词后面的 不过我个人认为表语这个理解了就行 没有多大用处 纯粹是科普下
百度了一下五个基本句型:
Ⅰ.主语+动词(SV)
Everybody laughed. 大家都笑了。
Ⅱ.主语+动词+补语 (SVC)
His eyes are blue. 他的眼睛是蓝色的。
Ⅲ.主语+动词+宾语 (SVO)
I love apples. 我喜欢苹果。
Ⅳ.主语+动词+宾语+宾语(SVOO)
I gave him my address. 我告诉他我的地址。
Ⅴ.主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)
I found the box empty. 我发现盒子是空的。
然后句子复杂点的话 就多了定、状、补（不一定三个都有的，可以根据情况加一个两个或
者三个都加）
定语通常都 是修饰名词的,所以主要是形容词,但也不一定,还可以是名词,代词,数词,动词不定
式等
例如: She is a student in No.7 Middle School. 黄底部分就是定语,修饰 student
状语,顾名思义就是表示一个状态, 说明地点、时间、原 因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、
方式和伴随状况等,一般是由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、 不定式或相当于副词的词
或短语
例如: She speaks English very well. very是程度副词，用来修饰well。very well是修饰speak
的程度状语。
She left ten minutes ago. Ten minutes ago就是时间状语
补语主要是宾语补足语 就是常说的宾补 这个全靠个人领会,我不会解释
例如She helps me to learn English.
She made me angry.
所谓的从句就是在这部分上用一个句子来表达的,我是这么理解的,对不对我就不知道了
下面那些主要百度,部分手打补充


1.主语从句
1）主语 从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而
将从句放在句末。常 见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...
*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...
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*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what, who, when, why, whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈
述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
(黄底那部分就是从句的部分,就是把主语那部分用一个句子表示)

2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑
问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他
介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well- written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定
词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
(其实我觉得这个原理跟主语从句差不多,就是一个是主语用句子来说一个是宾语用句子来
表达 )

3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that, what, when,
why, whether, how等引导外，还可由because, as if( though/although)等引导。that常可省略。
如主句主语为reason,只能用t hat引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in
America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.

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4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的 名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意
义不同，也可用whether, who, when, where, what, why, how等引导。常见的先行名词有
fa ct,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,sugge stion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由
于谓语较短，将 同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

The fact that the earth is round is true. (that the earth is round解释说明the fact)

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句 通常位于先行词
之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，
原句 意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。who, whom,
whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of w hich；which用于指物；that既可指人也
可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除 了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从
句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. (两个都
是修饰those)

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all ,anything ,everything, something, nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first ,last,
any, few, much, some, no, only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词 常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可
用which或whom引导从句， 并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语
的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.

This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当
于一个“介词+which”的结构。
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