reliable是什么意思Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去完成时及其被动语态

2021年1月6日发(作者：邬保良)
Section Ⅲ Grammar——过去完成时及其
被动语态



一、定义
[合作探究]
—Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?
——你们找到安的家有困难吗？
—Not had given us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
——算不上难。她已经给了我们她家的具体的位置，我们能够容易地找到它。
By the end of 2017, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
到2017年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.
我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。
[自主发现1]
①过去完成时的构成：had__done
②表示在过去某个时间 或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过
去”。句中常有by, by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time, before, when, until
等引导的状语从句。
③过去完成时表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直 延续到过去的另
一个时间，常与for,__since等词连用。图示为：

二、固定句型中的过去完成时
[合作探究]
I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang.
我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
I had hoped to be back last night, but I didn’t catch the train.
我本来希望昨晚回来的，但我没赶上火车。
[自主发现2]
①在no soone r...than，hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过
去时。意为 “一……就；刚……就”。
②在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，that从句的谓语动词用过去完成
时。
③It was＋一段时间＋since 从句(从句用过去完成时)
④主句(过去完成时)＋by the time＋表示过去的从句
⑤表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope, mean, want, think, expect, plan, intend等的
过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
三、 过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
[合作探究]
They had arrived at the railway station by ten o’clock yesterday.
昨天10点之前，他们已经到了火车站。
They arrived at the railway station at ten o’clock yesterday.
他们昨天10点到了火车站。
We had learned two English songs by the end of last week.
到上个星期为止，我们已经学了两首英文歌曲。
We learned two English songs last week.
上个星期我们学了两首英文歌曲。
[自主发现3]
①一般过去时表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时表 示
在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，当强调过
去某一动作发 生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时态。
②一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点
有所不同。
四、 过去完成时的被动语态
[合作探究]
When she got home，she found that her keys had been left in her office.
当她到家时，她发现自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。
By 16：30，which was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.
到下午四点半，差不多营业时间结束的时候，几乎所有的画都已经卖光了。
The newspaper reported more than 1，000 people had been killed in the hurricane.报
纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。
[自主发现4]
①构成： had＋been＋过去分词
②用法：表示在过去某一 时间或动作之前已经完成了的被动动作。常用于before，
after，by the time， when等引导的状语从句中，且从句中谓语动词是一般过去时，
以及by，before，until ＋过去的时间点。
[巩固内化1]
用动词的适当形式填空
①By the time the letter reached you，I had__left (leave)the country.
②When I got up this morning，I found that the rain had__stopped (stop) and the sun
was shining.
③He said that it was the best gift he had__had(have).
④He came back before is，we had__not__waited(not wait) for him long
before he returned.