雷声大作英语·语法·时态2

2021年1月6日发(作者：闵如霖)
高考英语时态考点全归纳分析
一、现在完成时考点
现在完成时主要有两种用法，即 持续性用法(或叫未完成用法)和影响性用法(或叫已完成
用法)。持续性用法表示动作发生于过去，但 在过去并未完成，而是从过去一直持续到现在，
此时多半会连用表示持续性的时间状语；后者指的是动作 发生于过去，且在过去已经完成，
但这个过去发生的动作对现在有影响，而说话者正好要强调的就是这个 影响，此时一般没有
明显的时间状语，主要通过上下文来理解。如：
1. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _________ that people who don’t sleep
well soon get ill. (广东卷)
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
【分析】答案选 B。由表示对照的Years ago和recent可知，“以前不知”，但“现在已经
证明了”，所以用现在完成时。
2. He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _________ that they won’t support him unless
he can borrow money from the bank. (湖北卷)
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
【分析】答案选B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓 语动词不可能是过
去时态，排除选项A和C；由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”， 所以排除
D，而选B
另外，同学们还要特别注意以下这些习惯上要与现在完成时连用的短语和句型：so
far(到目前为止)，since(自从)，in [for, during] the past [last]…years(在过去…年中)，by now (到
现在为止)，up to [until] now (到现在为止)，It's [will be] the first time that…(第一次……)等。
如：
3. My brother is an actor. He _________in several film so far. (浙江卷)
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
【分析】答案选 C。so far(到目前为止)通常与现在完成时连用。
4. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992. (山东卷)
A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed
【分析】答案选 B。since 1992这类时间状语通常与现在完成时连用。主句主语是the
country life，句中he was used to是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
二、过去完成时考点
过去完成时是一种相对时态，即以某一过去时间作参照，过去完成时表示 的动作发生在
这一过去时间的更过去，所以我们可以简单地用“过去的过去”这五个字来理解过去完成时
态。如：
1. He _________more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of
15. (北京卷)
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
【分析】答案选 D。因为上大学是过去，学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即“过
去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
2. When the old man _________ to walk back to his house, the sun _________ itself behind
the mountain. (湖北卷)
A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding D. was starting; hid
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【分析】答案选 A。根据句意，“开始回房子”发生在过去，“太阳落山”是在“开始回房
子”之前，故过去的过去。
3. Father _________for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. (福建卷)
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
【分析】答案选 D。根据“我没见到他”可知，“在我到达”前“父亲已经去伦敦”了，即父
亲去伦敦发生在“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
4. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _________ placed
under the Minister’s car. (广东卷)
A. has been B. was being C. had been D.
would be
【分析】答案选 C。因为这个小盒子“被放在部长车下”发生在“引起警察注意”之前，即
“ 过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
5. “Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.” “Oh ! I thought they
_________ without me.” (江西卷)
A. went B. are going C. have gone D. had gone
【分析】答案选D。因为thought(原以为)用的是过去时，所以他们 “走了”就是“过去的
过去”，故用过去完成时。
三、一般现在时考点
一般现在时主要表示现在的特征、状态、经常性动作或客观事实等。如：
1. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _________ the
Pacific, and we met no storms. (辽宁卷)
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been
called
【分析】答案选 B。因为这是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
注：有 关一般现在时的另一个考点是，在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，要用一般现
在时表示将来意义，而不 能直接用将来时态。此时要特别注意的是，命题人有可能会设置形
式上与状语从句相似且容易混淆的宾语 从句作为命题切入点。如：
2. “What would you do if it _________tomorrow?” “We have to carry it on, since we’ve got
everything ready.” (全国卷I)
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
【分析】答案选 B。即在条件句中用一般现在时表示将来意义。
3. As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when _________and see him. (北京卷)
A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
【分析】答案选 A。when 引导的是宾语从句，不是状语从句。
四、一般过去时考点
一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的情况或动作(包括过去习惯性的动作)。如：
1. “If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.” “What a pity!
Tina _________ here to see you.” (湖南卷)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
【分析】答案选 B。尽管上面一句用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，但后面一句谈
的却是发 生在过去的一件真实情况，故用一般过去时。
2. Scientists think that the continents _________always where they _________ today. (北京
卷)
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
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