voyage是什么意思2020初中英语知识点汇总

2021年1月6日发(作者：樊虚)
在羡智库2020整理归纳


2020初中英语知识点汇总

初一年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. Sit down
2. on duty
3. in English
4. have a seat
5. at home
6. look like
7. look at
8. have a look
9. come on
10. at work
11. at school
12. put on
13. look after
14. get up
15. go shopping

II. 重要句型

1. help sb. do sth.
2. What about…?
3. Let’s do sth.
4. It’s time to do sth.
5. It’s time for …
6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…
7. Where is…? It’s….
8. How old are you? I’m….
9. What class are you in?
I’m in….
12. I think…
13. Who’s this? This is….
14. What can you see？ I can see….
15. There is (are) ….
16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s
(They’re)…
17. Whose …is this? It’s….
18. What time is it? It’s….

III. 交际用语

1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….
2. Hello! Hi!
3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.
4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks.
And you?
5. See you. See you later.
6. Thank you! You’re welcome.
7. Goodbye! Bye!
8. What’s your name? My name is ….
9. Here you are. This way, please.
10. Who’s on duty today?
11. Let’s do.
12. Let me see.

IV. 重要语法
1. 动词be的用法；
2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4. 冠词的基本用法；
10. Welcome to….
5. There be句型的用法。
11. What’s …plus…? It’s….
【名师讲解】
/on
在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。
例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。
2. this/that/these/those
(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话 人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that
常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点 的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：
You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒
子。
1














Iwant this car,notthatcar.我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。

Take these booksto hisroom,please.请把这些书拿到他房间去。

This ismine;that’syours.这个是我的，那个是你的。

These are apples; thoseareoranges.这些是苹果，那些是橘子。

(2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：


isMary

speaking.

ThisWho’sthat?我是玛丽。你是谁？

e/have


其结构是：

+某人Therebe有，其确切含意为某处或某时存在某人或某物。Therebe

+

或某物表示地点或时间的状语。There

be后面的名词实际上是主语，be动词的形式要


is，名词是复数

和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可 数名词时用
时用are。例如：(1)Thereisabigbottleofcokeonthet able.桌上有一大瓶子可乐。

(2) There is adollinthebox.那个盒子里有个娃娃。

(3) There are many applesonthetree.那树上有许多苹果。

总之，Therebe结构强调的是一种客观存在的有。have表示拥有，占有，具有，

即：某人有某物(/hassth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例

如：



(4)I

havetwobrothersandonesister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。


(5)Thathousehas

fourrooms.那所房子有四个房间。
/see/watch














(1)look表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不

一定看对方注意。

到，以提醒

，如：

areplayingcomputergames.瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。

Look!

Thechildren


Look!What’sthatoverthere?看！那边那个是什么？

/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：

单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人

He’slookingatme。他正在看 着我。
(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是 及

后面能直接跟宾语。如：

物动词，


What你能在图上看到什么？

canyou

see

in

the

picture?


dyouseeonit?看黑板！你看到了什么？


(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活

动，强调过程，常

用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：


Yesterday

wewatchedafootballmatch onTV.昨天我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。
//in


puton意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作,后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。






是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：

in


putonyourcoat.外面冷，穿上你的外衣。

It’

scold

outside,


putson

his

He

hatand

goesout.他戴上帽子，走了出去。

The womaninawhiteblouseisJohn’smother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的 妈妈。


/home/family



house：“房子”“家”

，指居住的建筑物

;Home:

，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方


;

“家庭成员”。例如：Pleasecometomyhousethisaft ernoon.

Family:

“家庭“，


今天下午请

到我家来。Heisnot

athome.他 不在家。Myfamilyallgetupearly.我们全家都起得很早。
,nice,good ,well
四者都可用作形容词表示好之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作


表语。主要区别在于：
2



(1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的精细，形容人时表示的是身体健康，也 可以用来指
天气晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。
That's a fine machine.那是一台很好的机器It's a fine day for a walk today.今天是散步的好时
候。
(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。
例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。
Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。It's very nice of you. 你真好。
(3)good形容人时 指品德好，形容物时指质量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。
例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。
The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。
(4)well只可用来形容人的身体好，但不能作定语，它也能 用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰
的动词之后。例如：I'm very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。
My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：

1. 动词be的用法；
2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；
3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；
4. 冠词的基本用法；
5. There be句型的用法。
6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。

初一年级（下）
【知识梳理】 16. have a drink of
I. 重点短语 17. have a look

1. a bottle of
2. a little
3. a lot (of)
4. all day
5. be from
6. be over
7. come back
8. come from
9. do one’s homework
10. do the shopping
11. get down
12. get home
13. get to
14. get up
15. go shopping
3


18. have breakfast
19. have lunch
20. have supper
21. listen to
22. not…at all
23. put…away
24. take off
25. throw it like that
26. would like
27. in the middle of the day
28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening
29. on a farm
30. in a factory

II. 重要句型



1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could sb. do sth.?
3. would like sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. What about something to eat?
6. How do you spell …?
7. May I borrow…?

III. 交际用语

1. —Thanks very much!
—You're welcome.
2. Put it/them away.
3. What's wrong?
4. I think so. I don't think so.
5. I want to take some books to the classroom.
6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.
Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.
9. What's your favourite sport?
10. Don't worry.
11.I’m (not) good at basketball.
12. Do you want a go?
13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
14. Do you have a dictionary / any
dictionaries?
Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
15. We / They have some CDs.
We / They don’t have any CDs.
16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?
---It’s Monday.
17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?
---Certainly. Here you are.
18. ---Where are you from?
---From Beijing.
19. What's your telephone number in New
York?
20. ---Do you like hot dogs?
---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)
---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)
21. ---What does your mother like?
---She likes dumplings and vegetables very
much.
22. ---When do you go to school every day?
---I go to school at 7:00 every day.
23. ---What time does he go to bed in the
evening?
---He goes to bed at 10:00.

IV. 重要语法

1.人称代词的用法；
2. 祈使句；
3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；
4．动词have的用法；
5．一般现在时构成和用法；
6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法

【名师讲解】
1. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意 见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。
例如：我想我们应该帮助这位老人。
或 说得对。
That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如：

All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
请把此事告诉我。 好吧。
Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗
2. make/do
这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却 不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指
做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？
He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。
3. say/speak/talk/tell
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say：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：

“I want to go there by bus”, he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .

请用英语说。

speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词(即后面不能直接

接宾语) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I don’t like to speak like

this. 我不喜欢这样说话。

speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。

如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。

talk : 与speak

意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及
物动词 ，不过，

talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。
如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children
.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。

tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：He’s telling me a story.他在给我
讲故事。

tell a lie 撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth 如：.Miss Zhao often tells us to study

hard.

4. do cooking/ do the cooking

do cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking
为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似

的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some
writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼

从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。

go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳

5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.

like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意 思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动
作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然 性的动作。例如：

He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是
他不喜欢和李明踢。

6. other/ others/ the other/ another

other表其余的，别的，如：Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?

others 别的人，别的东西.如：In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋
子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。

the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other…如：One of my two brothers studies English,
the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。

another表三者以上的另一个，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架
上还可以放点书。

7. in the tree/ on the tree

in the tree 与on the tree.译成中文均为在树上但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（

不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花 、果等长在树上时，要使
用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。There is a bird in the
tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。

8. some/ any

some和any

既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。

(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
5





There is some water in the there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass. (2)在说话
者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请 的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：
Would you like some tea?

9. tall/ high

(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如

a tall woman 一个高个子妇女
a tall horse 一个高大的马

(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上 天
时，例如：He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这

么高。

(3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。

(4)high可作副词，tall不能。

(5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.

10. can/ could

(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的能力。例如：

Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?What can I do for you？要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake？你会做
蛋糕吗？

(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的怀疑猜测或不肯定。例如：

Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？

It surely can't be six o'clock already？不可能已经六点钟了吧？

You can't be hungry so soon，Tom，you've just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭
。

What can he mean？他会是什么意思？

在日常会话中，can可代替may表示允许，may比较正式。例如：You can come in any time.你随时
都可以来。

---

Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔吗？---

Of course，you can.当然可以。

You can have my seat，I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。

(3) could

could 是

can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如：

The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。

Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。

At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。

could可
代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：

Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？

Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？
Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？

(4) can的形式

只有现 在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将
来。所 有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。

例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。

11. look for/ find

look for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注 重“找”的结
果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is

looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。12. be sleeping/ be

asleep
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be sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。

如：---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？---They are sleeping.他们
正在睡觉。

The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。

13. often/ usually/sometimes
often 表示经常，sometimes表示有时候，在表 示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高
于sometimes。这三个词 表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于
主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动 词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾
。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。

We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，
我睡觉很早。

He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。

14. How much/ How many
how much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are…?
How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？

how
much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。How

much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class? 你们班有多少
人？

15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
be good for 表示对……有好处，而be bad for表示对……有害；be good to表示对……友好
，而be bad to表示对……不好；be good at表示擅长，在……方面做得好，而be bad at表示在
……方面做得不好。

如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。


Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。


Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。


The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。


Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。

16. each/ every
each 和every都有每一个的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼
。 each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。

如：We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street.街
的两旁有树。


He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。

each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。如：Each of them has his own duty.
他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情
。

17. 一般现在时/现在进行时

一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的 状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象
；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am /is /are/+doing）。

I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。I'm doing my homework now.我现在正在做作
业。

现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用；而一般现在时常与
often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。

We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。

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Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他们正在打扫教室呢。
初二年级（上）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语

1. on time
2. best wishes
3. give a talk
4. for example
5. short for
6. a waste of time
7. go on a field trip
8. go fishing
9. I agree
10. next week
11. the day after tomorrow
12. have a picnic
13. have some problems doing sth.
14. go the wrong way
15. hurry up
16. get together
17. in the open air
18. on Mid-Autumn Day
19. come over
20. have to
21. get home
22. agree with
23. in the country
24. in town
25. all the same
26. in front of
27. on the left/right side
28. next to
29. up and down
30. keep healthy
31. grow up
32. at the same time
33. the day before yesterday
35. last Saturday
36. half an hour ago
37. a moment ago
38. just now
39. by the way
40. all the time
8

41. at first

II. 重要句型

1. have fun doing sth.
2. Why don’t you…?
3. We’re going to do sth.
4. start with sth.
5. Why not…?
6. Are you going to…?
7. be friendly to sb.
8. You’d better do sth.
9. ask sb. for sth.
10. say goodbye to sb.
11. Good luck(with sb)!

III. 交际用语

e backto school!
me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the
traffic is bad.
doesn’t matter.
Teachers’ Day !
’s a good idea.
are you going to do？
are we going ?
are we going to do ?
9.I’m good at…
’s not far from…
11. Are you free tomorrow evening?
you and Lily like to come over to
my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?
13.I’m glad you can come.
for asking us.
about another one?
I have a taste?
me walk with you.
do you have to do?
you live on a farm?
do you like better, the city or the
country?
do you like best, dogs, cats or


chickens?
we go at ten? Good idea!
23.---Let’s make it half past one. ---OK.
24.---Why not come a little earlier? ---All
right.
me. Where’s the nearest post office,
please?
’s over there on the right.
27.I’m sorry I don’t know.
’d better…
you all the same.
bus do I take?
【名师讲解】

along this road.
day was it yesterday?
33.I’m sorry to hear that.
34.I hope you’re better now.
did you call me?
36.I called to tell…

IV. 重要语法
going to的用法；
2.形容词的比较级、最高级；
3.形容词和副词的比较
4.一般过去时
1. on the street / in the street

in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多表示“在街上”时，on the street 和
用in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the
street. 我在街上遇见了他。

2. would like / like

would like 和
like
含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而
would like
意思是“想要”。

I like beer.=I’m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a 试比较：
glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？Would

you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？
3. another / the other
(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或

物体。

例如：

May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？

This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看
看。

(2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：


I He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。
have two brothers. One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西
安工作，另一个在北京工作。

4. have to /must


(1)have to和must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略 有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做
而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务， 常用have to。例如：I must
stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为那个

老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作）
(2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：

I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long
hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。

(3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，
相当于needn’t。例如：You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。You

don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天

去。5. hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.
hear sb. or sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思“
听
9




到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。
I
heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。

类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。

6. any /some
any和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；a ny用
在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：I want some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？
I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。

some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：

Would
you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？

Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？

7. hear /listen to
listen to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear 强调“
听”的结果。例如：Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故
事。

Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？
I
listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。

hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如：

I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。

I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。

8. Let’

s… /Let us…

Let’s…

和Let us…都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用

shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：Let’
s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？

9. take/ bring/ carry /get 这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意 为
“带来”，“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向 ，带有负重
的意思。试比较：

My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。

I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来
。

I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table
服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。She went
back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。

10. far away /faraway

(1)far away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得
很远，有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。(2)faraway是一
个形容词，意思是“遥远的”， 可以在句中作定语。例如：

He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。

11. find / look for

find和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for 强调“找

”的过程。请看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。I’m looking for my
watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望
你尽快找到丢失的戒指。

10




另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现
了一个钱包。
I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。
12. in front of /in the front of
In front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某
物的范围内。试比较：My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。
He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。
初二年级（中）
【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语

1. give a concert
2. fall down
3. go on
4. at the end of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10. later on
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the moment
19. take out
same as
21. turn over
22. get-together
23. put on
24. take a seat
25. wait for
26. get lost
27. just then
28. first of all
29. go wrong
30. make a noise
31. get on
32. get off
33. stand in line
11

34. at the head of
35. laugh at
36. throw about
37. in fact
38. at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall asleep
43. again and again
44. look over
45. take exercise

II. 重要句型

1. be good for sth.
2. I think …
3. I hope…
4. I love…
5. I don’t like…
6. I’m sure…
7. forget to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10. help yourself to sth.
11. be famous for sth.
12. on one’s way to…
13. make one’s way to…
14. quarrel with sb.
15. agree with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.

III. 交际用语

’s the weather like today?
’s cold, but quite suuny.


cold it is today!
, but it’ll be warmer later on.
we make a snowman?
. Come on!
New Year!
I speak to Ann, please?？
on, please.
a lot for inviting me to your party.
. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.
I take a message for you?
’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.
15.I’m sorry to hear that.
birthday!
you like ...? Would you like to ...?
you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I
don't think so.
you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't
really agree. I really can't agree.
are a few / a lot of ... / on it.
do we.
22.I'm happy you like it.
is the way to ..., please?
right/left at the ... crossing.
on until you reach ...
can I get to ...? Go down/up/along
this road.
's the matter?
'll take you half an hour to ...
'd better catch a bus.

【名师讲解】
1. above/ over/ on
may be in ... Ah, so it is
must be more careful!
mustn't cross the road now.
you want to cross a street, you must wait
for the green light.
stand in line.
must wait for your turn.
you don't go soon, you'll be late.
37.I don't feel very well.
head hurts.
mustn't eat anything until you see the
doctor.
's the trouble?
's the matter with…?
didn't feel like eating anything.
g serious.
/get a pain in…
problem.
this medicine three times a day.

IV. 重要语法

1. 一般过去时；
2. 反意疑问句的用法；
3. 一般将来时；
4. 感叹句；
5. 简单句的五种基本句型；
6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用
法；
7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。 这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above
指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不
和某物接 触。试比较：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。
There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某
事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词还有：remember, regret等。
3. hope/wish
12




hope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：

(1)
w ish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：

I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。

I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。

I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。

I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。

(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：

Do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再来？

4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.

(1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话< br>人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：

Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。

It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。

(2)be sure of/about sth. 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：

I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。

I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。

5.
hear from/hear of

hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：

I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开
始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里
听到的内容。

hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：

I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。

I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。

hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在
疑问句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I
never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。

6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.

It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：

---
Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。

---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。

再见。---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。

类似的话还有

“Not at all.”

“You are welcome.”

“That’s all right.”

With pleasure也用作客气 的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如
：---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?请你把报纸递给我好吗？

---With pleasure.当然可以。

7. seem/look
(1)二者都可以作“ 看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往
接近事实；look着重 强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：He
seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。

It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。

(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：

1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。

2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了
。

13




8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for

(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的准备”，强调状态

(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：

I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。

I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。

He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。

Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。

(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示“
不轻易做某事”。如：He's usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。9. at table/at the

table

at table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。
Mr. Black
is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。

10. reach, arrive/get to
三者都有到达之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名 词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名
词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大
地方。如：

Lucy got to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。

When did your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的？

It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。

11. sick/ill

二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语 ；而sick既可作表语也可作
定语。sick有呕吐，恶心的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如 ：

Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。不能说成
：He's an ill grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个月。
12. in time/on time

in time是及时的意思，on time是准时，按时。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时

赶上汽车。We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。

13. may be/maybe
It may be in your inside pocket. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may

be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分，意 思是也许是，可能是；第二句中的maybe是副词，意
思是可能，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于 另一副词perhaps。再如：Maybe you put it in that bag
.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put it


）14. noise/ in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.
voice/ sound

noise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。vo ice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声

音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如：Don't make so much

noise! 别那么大声喧哗！
I didn't recognize John's voice on the telephone.

在电话里我听不出约翰的声音。

He spoke in a low voice. 他低声说话。We heard a strange sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。Sound

travels fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快，但是光传得更快。

初二英语（下）
【知识梳理】


I. 重点短语
14


1. on time
2. out of
3. all by oneself
4. lots of
5. no longer
6. get back
7. sooner or later
8. run away
9. eat up
10. take care of
11. turn off
12. turn on
13. after a while
14. make faces
15. teach oneself
16. fall off
17. play the piano
18. knock at
19. to one's surprise
20. look up
21. enjoy oneself
22. help yourself
23. tell a story / stories
24. leave....behind ……
25. come along
26. hold a sports meeting
27. be neck and neck
28. as ... as
29. not so / as ... as
30. do one's best
31. take part in
32. a moment late
33. Bad luck!
34. fall behind
35. high jump
36. long jump
37. relay race
38. well done!
39. take off
40. as usual
41. a pair of
42. at once
43. hurry off
44. come to oneself
45. after a while
15



46. knock on
47. take care of
48. at the moment
49. set off
50. here and there
51. on watch
52. look out
53. take one’s place

II. 重要句型

1. We’d better not do sth.
2. leave one. oneself
3. find one’s way to a place
4. stand on one’s head
5. make sb. Happy
6. catch up with sb.
7. pass on sth. to somebody
8. spend time doing sth.
9. go on doing sth.
10. get on well with sb.
11. be angry with sb.
12. be fed up with sth.
13. not…until…
14. make room for sb.

III. 交际用语

1. We’re all by ourselves.
2. I fell a little afraid.
3. Don’t be afraid.
4. Help!
5. Can’t you hear anything?
6. I can’t hear anything / anybody there.
7. Maybe it’s a tiger.
8. Let’s get it back before they eat the food.
9. Did she learn all by herself?
10. Could she swim when she was …years
old?
11. She didn’t hurt herself.
12. He couldn’t buy himself many nice things.
13. Did he enjoy himself?
14. Help yourselves.
15. Bad luck!



16. Come on!
17. Well done! Congratulations (to…)!
18. It must be very interesting.
19. I don’t think you’ll like it.
20. It seems to be an interesting book.
21. I’m sure (that)… I’m not sure if… I’m not
sure what to…
22. I hope so.
23. What was he/she drawing when…?
24. I’m sorry to trouble you.
25. Would you please…?
26. What were you doing at ten o’clock
yesterday morning?
29. How kind!
30. Let’s move the bag, or it may cause an
accident.
31. It’s really nice of you.
32. Don’t mention it.
33. Don’t crowd around him.

IV. 重要语法

1. 不定代词/副词的运用；
2. 反身代词的用法；
3. 并列句；
4. 形容词和副词的比较等级；
27. You look tired today. 5. 冠词的用法；
28. You’d better go to bed early tonight, if you
6. 动词的过去进行时；
can.

【名师讲解】

1. bring/take

Bring表示“带 来、拿来”，指从别处朝说话人所在或将在的地方“带来、拿来”。而take则
表示“拿去、带走”， 它表示的方向与bring相反，指从说话人所在地“拿走、带走”。如：

Bring me the book, please. 把那本书给我拿来。

Take some food to the old man. 给那位老人带去些食物。

2. somebody/ anybody/nobody

一般说来，somebody用于定句，anybody用 于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句。例如：

Somebody came to see you when you were out. 你出来时有人来见你。

Does anybody live on this island? 有人在这岛上住吗？

I didn't see anybody there. 我在那儿谁也没看见。

Don't let anybody in. I'm too busy to see anybody. 别让任何人进来。我太忙，谁也不想见

。There is nobody in the room. 房间里没人。

Nobody told me that you were ill, so I didn't know about it .谁也没告诉我你病了所以我不知道

。3. listen, listen to, hear

这三个词意思都是“听”，但是它们的用法不完全相同。它们的区别在于：

(1)listen 只用于不及物动词，后面接人或人物做宾语，着重于“倾听”，指的是有意识的动
作，至于是否听到，并非强调的重点。如：

Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom. 听！有人在教室唱歌。

(2)listen to 为listen的及物形式，后面一定要接人或物做宾语，这里的to是介词。如：

Do you like listening to light music?你喜欢听轻音乐吗？

(3)hear 可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词，意思是“听到、听见”，指用耳朵听到了某个声音，表示无意识的动作，着重于听的能力和结果。如：We hear with our ears.我们用
耳朵听。She listens but hears nothing.她听了听，但是什么也没有听见。

4. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little

(1)many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词；都表示许多。例如：

He has many books.他有许多书。He drank much milk.他喝了许多牛奶。

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