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presidents初二下英语知识汇总

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2021-01-06 15:02
tags:英语知识, 初二英语, 英语

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2021年1月6日发(作者:杭子和)
八年级下·英语知识汇总

Unit1·情态动词should、反身代词
一、情态动词Should
1.定义:should作情态动词,可以表示责任和义务,意为 “应当;应该”,可以
用于各种人称。
2.用法:
肯定句 主语+should+动词原形+其他
否定句 主语+should not/shouldn’t+动词原形+其他
一般疑问句 Should+主语+动词原形+其他?
特殊疑问句
What should +主语+动词原形?
(以what为例)
You should listen to your parents.
You shouldn’t go out last night.
Should I take my temperature first?
What should I do?
3.近义表达:
ought to do 表示“应该;应当”
be supposed to do 表示“应该做某事”
You ought to diet and take more exercise.
They are supposed to shake hands with the guests.

二、反身代词
1 .定义:反身代词是表示反射或强调的代词,由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物
主代词或第三人称代词的 宾格形式的词尾加-self或-selves构成。可译为“本
人;本身;自己”。
2.形式:
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves

Unit2·用could表达建议、动词不定式
一、用could表达建议
用c ould来表达建议的用法,此时could可以翻译为“可以”,could用于
表达建议时语气较委 婉,在这里的could不是can的过去式。
You could write him a letter.
You could help to clean the park.

二、动词不定式
1.定义:动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定结构是“not to+动词
原形”。动词不定式在句中不能作谓语,其形式不随主语的人称、数和时态而变
化。

2.用法:
To learn English well is very important.
= It is very important to learn English well.
作表语 My job is to look after patients.
作宾语 We want to go swimming.
作宾语补足语 She invited me to go to a concert.
作定语 He has too many things to do.
作状语 She got up very early to catch the early bus.
3.“疑问词+不定式”结构
动词不定式可以用在疑问词what、how、when、wh ere等之后,该结构可作
主语、宾语、表语等。
作主语:How to get there is a problem.
作宾语:I don't know what to say.
作表语:The question is how to learn English well.
*注意:当“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语时,通常可以和宾语从句进行同义转换。
They are talking about how to get there.
= They are talking about how they can get there.
4.常用搭配
(1)有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语。如:plan、hope、agree、decide等。
We plan to go climbing.
My father agreed to take us to the museum.
They decided to join the swimming club.
(2)有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

Unit3·用could提出请求、征求许可、while的用法
一、情态动词Could
1.用could提出请求
常见的结构是“Could you(please)…?”,意为“你能…吗?”或“请你…
好吗?”,是一种比较客气、有礼貌的 提出请求的方式。如果同意对方的请求,
可以用OK.或No problem.等来回答。如果不同意对方的请求,可以用Sorry, I
can't.等来回答,并以委婉的方式来解释原因。
-Could you please open the door? -Sure.
2.用could征求许可
常见的结构是“Could I…?”,意为“我能/可以…吗?”。此时肯定回答
和否定回答 都不用could,习惯上肯定回答用may, can等;否定回答用can't或
mustn't(语气重)。
-Could I smoke here? -No, you can't. Look at the sign “No smoking”!

作主语
二、while的用法
用作连词时,有以下几种含义:
释义 用法 例句
当…时候 引导时间状语从句 While I was watching TV, the bell rang.
虽然,尽管 引导让步状语从句 While he is in poor health, he works hard.
连接两个并列分句,
而,然而 I like singing while she likes dancing.
表示对比关系
引导状语从句时,需注意:
(1)while引导时间状语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而while引导的
让步状语从句 一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以从意义上加以区分。
时间:Her parents died while she was still at school.
让步:While he was tired, he went on working.
(2)while引导让步 状语从句时,如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且谓语
含有be动词,那么从句的主语和be动词都可 以省略。
While he was ill, he went there. (= While ill, he went there. )
(3)while引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语 动词常用延续性动词,表示
“与…同时,在…期间”。
While we were talking, the teacher came in.

Unit4·until so that although 引导的状语从句、why don’t you句型
一、until、so that、although 引导的状语从句
1.定义:状语从句 就是在句中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种,如时间、原因、
条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句等。
2.类型:
(1)until引导的时间状语从句
Until意为“直到…为止;到…时”。注意until和not…until在用法上的区别。
Continue walking in this direction until you see a sign.
I didn’t wake up until I heard the alarm clock.
(2)so that引导的目的状语从句
So that意为“为了;以便”,引导目的状语从句。注意so that、in order that、
in order to在用法上的区别。
Let me take down your telephone number so that I can call you later.
(3)although引导的让步状语从句
Although意为“尽管; 虽然”,常用于引导让步状语从句,且引导的句子常指事
实,而不指设想。Although可置于句首 (此时多用逗号与主句分开),也可置于
句末,也可用于句中表强调。
Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and healthy.

二、why don’t you…?句型
Why don’t you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事呢?”,与Why not do sth.?
是同义表达。
Why don’t you stay for supper?
= Why not stay for supper?
*Why not?是常见的口语表达,意为“为什么不呢?”用于表示同意或赞同。

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