honoria学位英语知识点

2021年1月6日发(作者：欧阳韶)
第一部分：重点词汇
1. put down 放下shut down 把…关上cut down 砍掉come down 下来、落下
slow down 减缓、放慢sit down 坐下write down 写下get down 下来,降落

2. after all 毕竟.终究after that 于是.然后day after day 日复一日地one after another 相继.挨次
soon after 不久以后the day after tomorrow 后天

3. come up with 找到、提出catch up with 赶上wake up 弄醒、醒来send up 发射open up 开设、开办grow
up 长大pick up 拾起、捡起hands up 举手eat up 吃光clean up 打扫干净
give up doing sth.=stop doing sth. 放弃做某事

4. arrive at/in + n. 到达get to +n. 到达reach + n. 到达arrive / get +adv. 到达

5. get…back 退还,送回去.取回give back 归还come back 回来
at the back of 在…的后面on the way (back)home 在回家路上

6. at least 至少at breakfast 早餐时at desk 在桌前at once立刻,马上at school 在上学
at the same time 同时at work 在工作be good at=do well in 擅长laugh at 嘲笑
not…at all 一点也不at first 起初at night 在晚上at noon 中午
at the age of // when sb. was…years old 在…岁时at last / in the end / finally 最后、终于
at the beginning of the twenty- first century 在21世纪初at the end of 在…终点、结尾
at the moment // now现在at the foot of 在…脚下at Christmas 在圣诞节
at any moment 任何时候at times(sometimes) 有时,偶尔at the doctor’s 在医务室be bad at不擅长

7. for example 例如for ever 永远be good for 对…有益be bad for 对…有害
for long=for a long time 长期for short 简称be short for 是…的简称TV is short for “television”

8. come true 实现come down 下来come from=be from 来自,出生于come in/into 进入,进来
come on 赶快come over 过来come along 走吧,过来,快点come and go 来来去去
come up 上来come out 出来,(花)开,(照片)冲洗出来

9. even though=even if 即使、虽然、尽管

10. be pleased with 对…感到满意be covered with 被…覆盖 be busy with忙于做某事
Be filled with 装满 be satisfied with 对….满意 deal with sth. 应对、处理 finish with完成某事
be expected to do sth. 被期望做某事well done 干得好

proud of 以…自豪speak highly of 称赞be afraid of 害怕hear of 听说(hear from sb.收到某人的来
信)of course=certainly 当然可以plenty of= a lot of 许多

11. by the way 顺便说by oneself 单独,独自by the end of 到…为至by the time (引起时间状语从句)到…的
时候one by one 依次by air / plane 乘飞机by bus / train / car 乘公共汽车/火车/轿车
catch a bus 赶公交车get on / off the bus上/下车take a bus to…=go to …by bus乘车去

12. do / try one’s best 尽力do one’s homework 做家庭作业do (the/some) shopping 购物
do the cooking 烹饪do some cleaning 打扫do the / some washing 洗衣服do sport 做运动

13. early in the morning 一大早in the early spring 初春in my early days 我幼年时期

14. make a contribution to 贡献给、捐献make a telephone call to sb. // ring sb. up // give sb. a call //
phone sb.给某人打电话connect…to…把…与…连接起来be close to 靠近(某地)
give birth to 生(孩子)lose to sb 输给sb .

15. either…or… 或者…或者…on either side of the street 街道任何一边
on each side of the street 街道每一边on both sides of the street 街道两边

16. keep doing sth. 不停地做某事(表示状态继续)keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事(表示动作反复进行)
practise doing sth. 练习做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事finish doing sth. 做完某事
go on doing sth. 继续做某事(同一件事)

17. go on to do sth. 接着做某事(另一事)go straight along 沿着…一直往前走go down 下降
go for a walk 散步go over 复习go shopping 买东西go to the cinema 去看电影
go well 进展顺利go off to 动身前往go out 外出go to work 去上班go up 上升

18. think about 考虑think of 认为、想起、考虑、想到think over 仔细考虑
think out 想出talk about 谈论worry about 担心How / What about…?…怎么样?

19. borrow…from … 从…借…lend…to… 把…借给…from door to door 挨家挨户
from time to time 时时from now on 从今以后from then on 从那以后
be different from 与…不同learn…from… 向…学习

20. get dressed 穿衣get into 进入get / be lost 丢失get off / on下/ 上车
get on well with sb. 与某人相处得好get out of 从…出来get ready for +n. 为…做准备
get ready to do sth. 准备做某事get / go to sleep (fall asleep) 入睡be asleep 睡着
get warm 变暧get well 康复get a chance 有机会、得到机会

21. look for 寻找wait for 等候look after=take care of 照看look like 看起来像
look over 检查,复习look out 小心,从里向外看look the same 看起来一样
look up 向上看,查单词look around 环视look forward to 期望look through 温习,检查

22. set off 出发、动身put off 推迟keep off 避开、不靠近…drop off 放下(某物)
turn off 关jump off 跳离take off 脱(衣),(飞机)起飞

23. half a kilo 半千克half an hour 半小时in half 分成两半half of the day 半天

24. do eye exercises 做眼保健操do morning exercises 做早操 take (more) exercise (多)参加体育锻炼
an exercise book 练习本

25. take part in 参加hand in 上交in hospital 住院in surprise 吃惊地in the sun 在阳光下
in trouble 处于困境in a minute / moment马上

26. leave for… 动身去某地

27. feed on 以…为主食live on 继续活着base on 以…为根据carry on 坚持、继续下去
and so on 等等on the other hand 另一方面on foot 步行

28. be famous for 以..著名be excited about +n./V-ing 对…感到兴奋be interested in 对…感兴趣
be born 出生be busy with sth.=be busy doing sth. 忙于…be amazed at 对..感到惊讶

29. move away 移开move to (搬)移到30. search the Internet 上网

31. make sure 确信make a dialogue 编对话make a mistake 犯错误by mistake 由于疏忽
make a noise 吵闹make faces 做鬼脸
make friends (with) 和..交朋友make room for 给..让地方make tea 沏茶
make money 赚钱make a decision 作出决定

32. used to do sth 过去常常做某事be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
33. leave sth+介词短语 “把……忘记在某处”

34. forget to do sth. 忘记做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
decide to do sth. 决定做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

35. hear sb. to do (doing)sth. 听见某人做某事

36. help sb. (to) do sth .//help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
with pleasure 乐意

37. the summer holiday(s)vocation 暑假the winter holiday(s)/vocation 寒假

38. step into 走进pour into 倒入… put….into 翻译成 divide into分成 translate into翻译成

39. in the first 第一for the first time 第一次at first 起初a firs t language 母语first of all 首先

40. leave a message for sb. 给某人留条give / take sb. a message 给某人捎口信

41. take photos / pictures 照像take away 拿走take out 取出work out 算出
take care 当心take medicine 服药take one’s temperature 量体温
take one’s time 别着急take a walk 散步take place 发生

42. learn by oneself / teach oneself 自学learn by heart 背熟

43. a year and a half (one and a half years ) 一年半

44. have a try 尝试,努力try out 尝试、试验find out 找出,查明
have a good / wonderful / great / time 玩得开心have a (bad) cold (重)感冒
have a meeting / walk / watch 开会/散步/比赛have sports 进行体育活动
have nothing / sth. to do with 与..无(有)关have no idea 不知道have (one’s) medicine 服药

45. offer sb sth. 给某人提供某物46. win first prize 获一等奖
47. all over the world= around the world =throughout the world 全世界
48. all kinds of 各种各样的
49. neither… nor 既不…也不….
50. not only … but also … 不但…而且both… and ……和…都
51. the more , the better 越多越好52. all one’s life 一生
53. as soon as 一…就…as soon as possible 尽可能早地、尽快as well = too也
as much as 至多as little as 至少regard …as 把…当作…as if 好像
54. no matter 无论…
55 ever since 从那以后,此后一直
56. so far 到目前为止or so大约
57. another two hours (=two more hours ) 又(再) 2个小时
58. three times a week 一周三次
59. the number of… 的数量a (large / good) number of / large numbers of / many 许多
60. less than少于 , less and less 越来越少
61. …is another way of saying… 什么是..的另一说法 Quick is another way of saying fast. Bike is short for
bicycle.
62. not…until… 直到…才…
63. be like 像feel like +n./V-ing 想要like best 最喜欢 , would like to 想要
64. the 24 hour clock 24 小时制65. wash away 冲走run away 逃跑take away 带走

66. before long 不久long before / ago 很久以前for long =for a long time 长期
no longer = not. .any longer 不再

67. more or less = about 或多或少,大约more than = over 多于,超过
68. every year 每年every four years 每隔四年
every other day 每隔一天everyday English / life 日常英语/生活

69. next to 紧挨着next door 隔壁,邻居next year 明年next time 下次
70. receive / get / have a letter from sb. = hear from sb 收到某人的来信
71. on show = on display 展览 filled with / be full of 充满…
73. thank to =because of 由于
74. some day =one day (将来)某一天all day 终日day and night 日日夜夜in a day or two 一两天内
in the old days 从前,旧社会from day to day (day after day) 日复一日
the day before yesterday 前天the day after tomorrow 后天Tree Planting Day 植树节
Women’s Day 妇女节

75. keep / stop / prevent… (from) doing sth. 防止(阻止)…做某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止做某事

76. nice and +adj. = very +adj. 很,非常
77. a place (places) of interest 名胜
78. three quarters of the information on the Internet 因特网上四分之三的信息two thirds of the books 三分
之二的书
79. credit card 信用卡
80. the increasing population 增长着的人口
81. a path of travel 旅行路线
82. point at / to 指向
83. by sea = by ship 乘船by the sea = on the sea 在海边at sea在海上
84. set one’s mind to do sth. 一心想做某事
85. multiply…by… 乘以…
86. See you! 再见You see. 你知道,你明白,你瞧Let me see. 让我想想
see sb. off 给某人送行see a / the doctor 看病see sb . do / doing sth. 看见某人做某事
87. some…others 一些(人,物)…其他(人,物)one…another 一个..另一个(三者或以上 )
one…the other 一个…另一个(总数二个) each other彼此
88. be worn out 穿旧,磨坏check out 核实,检查write out 写出take sth. out of 从…拿出/取出某物
89. in this way 用这种方法in a few year’s time 几年以后in space 在太空
in and out of class 在课内课外in the last fifteen minutes 在最后十五分钟里
in the second half 在下半场later in one’s life 在某人后半身in the air 在空中in the open air 在户外

90. give sb. an injection给某人打针 , get an injection打针
91. have been to 去过某地have gone to 到某地去了
92. here + be+ 名词+ for+某人 ( Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信.)
93. be far behind +某人 (He is far behind others. 他落后于别人)
94. one of + adj. 最高级+复数名词
95. take +某物+with +某人 (You’d better take an umbrella with you. 你最好带上雨伞)
96. prefer to= like…better than 宁愿,更喜欢
prefer + V-ing (to do sth.) ( I prefer doing (to do) it myself .我喜欢自己做那件事).
Would / should 等情态动词 + prefer +不定式. (I would prefer to do it myself.我宁愿自己做那件事)
prefer +名词(v-ing) + to+名词 (v-ing) (I prefer learning English to playing football.我愿意学英语而不愿踢足球)
prefer +不定式(名词)+ rather than + 不带to的不定式,
(I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.我喜欢走着去那里, 而不愿乘车)
prefer + 名词(代词) to do sth. (We prefer her not to come.我们宁愿她不来)
97. 人+ spend +time (money) +(in) doing sth. (I spent over two hours (in) finishing my homework.我花了两个
多小时完成家庭作业.)
人 + spend + time (money) + on +名词, (He spent 1,000 on the TV set .他花了一千元买电视机)
人 + pay + money +for +sth. ( He paid ten yuan for the book .他花了10元钱买那本书.)
It + takes (will take, / took…) + sb. + time (money) + to do sth. (It’ll take you only ten minutes to get there
bybus.乘车去那里只花你10分钟)
物sth+ cost + (sb.) + money, (The dictionary cost me 20 yuan .我花20元钱买了那本词典)
98. do with + sb. / sth. (What have you done with the pork ? 那些肉你怎么处理了?)
99. mind + if 从句, (Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不反对吧?)
mind + V-ing, (Would you mind turning on the TV?打开电视你不反对吧?)
100. what…for? / why…? (What do you learn English for? = Why do you learn English?)
101. need + 名词 (v-ing), (The students need some help.学生们需要帮助.
This pair of shoes needs mending.这双鞋需要修理)

102. “be used for+ 名词(v-ing),”被用来做.. (A writing brush is used for writing.)
“be used as+名词”, 被作为…使用 (English is used as the first language in none of these countries. )
“be used by+动作执行者”, 被…使用,

103. be made of 由…制造(This table is made of wood .这张课桌是木制的)
be made from由…制成 (This kind of paper is made from wood . 这种纸是用木材制成的)
be made in+地点, “某地制造”(These cars are made in Germany) be made by+人, “由谁制造的” (This kite is
made byKate . )
104. more developed countries发达国家, less developed countries不发达国家,
developing countries发展中国家
105. be worth + money (V-ing),值…钱.值得做…
This car is worth more than two million yuan in China. This book is well worth reading.
worth reading.这本书很值得一读.
106. the Summer Palace 颐和园Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场the Palace Museum 故宫
the Great Hall of the People 人民大会堂the Temple of Heaven天坛the Great Green Wall 绿色长城Peking
Opera 京剧PLA 中国人民解放军PRC 中华人民共和国the Party 中国共产党the League 共青团 The
Forbidden City紫禁城 军事博物馆the Military Museum the Palace Museum故宫

107. a digital camera 数字照相机a doctor for animals = an animal doctor 动物医生
108. so + 形/副+that 从句
(The place is so cold that nothing can grow in winter .这地方太冷,冬天什么都不长)
so + many / few+ 复数名词 +that从句
(He has so many books that I don’t know which one to borrow. 他有那么多书,我不知道借哪一本)
so + much / little+ 不可数名词+that从句
(She has so little money that she can’t buy anything .她钱太少,什么也买不到.)
so+ 形容词 +a / an +单数名词 +that从句
(This is so good a book that all of us like reading it )
such +a / an+ 形容词+单数名词+ at从句
(This is such an interesting story that all of us like it)
such +形容词+复数名词+that从句. such +形容词+不可数名词+that从句 (It is such fine weather today that
many childrenare playing outside)

109. tell sb about sth.告诉某人关于某事 , tell sb+从句, tell sb. to do sth.让某人做某事
tell a lie说谎 , tell a story讲故事 , thank you for +n ./V-ing 谢谢你… too + adj. / adv. + to + v.太…而不能,
toomuch(修饰名词)太多,过分 , much too(修饰adj./adv.)太
110. hope / wish+不定式(或从句), wish sb. to do sth. What do you mean by…?= What does… mean?…是什么
意思?

一、接不定式（而不接动名词）作宾语的24个常用动词
afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事
arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事
expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事
help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事
promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事

注：有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式，不接动名词：
aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事

二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事
help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事

注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：
汉语说：“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说fear sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说excuse [forgive] sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说refuse sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说punish sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说suggest [propose] sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说approve sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说inform sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说welcome sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“坚持某人做某事”，但英语不说insist [persist] sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说hope sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说arrange sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说demand sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说thank sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说congratulate sb. to do sth.。
汉语说：“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说prevent sb. to do sth.。
要表示以上意思，可换用其他表达：
汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuse [forgive] sb. for doing sth.。
汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。
汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。
汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。
汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。
三、接动名词（不接不定式）作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 承认做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
delay doing sth. 推迟做某事 deny doing sth. 否认做某事
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事 escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事 fancy doing sth. 设想做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 keep doing sth. 保持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事 pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事 prohibit doing sth. 禁止做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 report doing sth. 报告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 understand doing sth. 理解做某事

四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词
bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事 catch sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 feel sb. doing sth. 感觉某人做某事
find sb. doing sth. 碰上（撞上）某人做某事 get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事 hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事 listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事 notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人做某事 prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事 send sb. doing sth.使某人（突然）做某事
set sb. doing sth. 使（引起）某人做某事 start sb. doing sth. 使某人开始做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 watch sb. doing sth. 观五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 感觉某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事 look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 notice sb. do sth. 注意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事
察某人做某事
六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恨做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开始做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开始做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 继续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍受做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 麻烦做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 停止做某事

七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
(1) remember to do sth. 记住要做某事 remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
(2) forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记曾做过某事
(3) regret to do sth. 后悔（遗憾）要做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔（遗憾）曾做过某事
(4) try to do sth. 设法要做某事 try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果
(5) mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
(6) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
(7) go on to do sth. 做完某事后接着做另一事 go on doing sth. 继续做一直在做的事
注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同，前者指停下来去做某事，后者指停止正在做的事，但stop to
do sth. 中的不定式不是宾语，是目的状语。
八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词
(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）
post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听
return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物
tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况
throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人
write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信
(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物
cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物
fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物
find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物
prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物
sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）
spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物
steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物
注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引 出间接宾语，含义相
同，如bring，play等：
Bring me today’s paper. = Bring today’s paper to *for+ me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。
He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us. 他放了他刚
买的唱片给我们听。
有的动词后接的双宾语易位时， 即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，
如leave等：
They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。
My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.
我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。
而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语 ，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask,
cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：
He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。
He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。
This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。
He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。
His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。
He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。
九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词
accuse sb. of sth. 控告某人犯某事（罪），指责某人做某事
cheat sb. fo sth. 骗取某人某物
cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的病，改掉某人的坏习惯
inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某情况（事）
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某情况（事）
rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物
rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的某东西
warn sb. of sth. 警告某人有某情况

十、可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词
blame sb. for doing sth. 指责某人做某事
criticize sb. for doing sth. 批评某人做某事
forgive sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
pardon sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
punish sb. for doing sth. 惩罚某人做某事
scold sb. for doing sth. 指责（责备）某人做某事
thank sb. for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事

十一、可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词
cheat sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 trick sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事
food sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 force sb. into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事 talk sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
terrify sb. into doing sth. 威胁某人做某事 frighten sb. into doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事
persuade sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事
十二、容易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词
误：deal a problem 正：deal with a problem 处理问题
误：depend sb. 正：depend on sb. 依靠（依赖）某人
误：insist doing sth. 正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
误：knock the door 正：knock on [at] the door 敲门
误：operate sb. 正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术
误：participate sth. 正：participate in sth. 参加某事
误：refer sth. 正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物
误：rely sb. / sth. 正：rely on sb. / sth. 依靠（依赖）某人（某物
误：reply a letter 正：reply to a letter 回信
注：在某些其他用法中，以上有的动词也可能及物，如insist, reply等动词后可接宾语从句，operate表示“操
作”、“管理”等时则及物。

十三、容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词
误：serve for sb. 正：serve sb. 为某人服务
误：marry with sb. 正：marry sb. 与某人结婚
误：discuss about sth. 正：discuss sth. 讨论某事
误：mention about sth. 正：mention sth. 提到某事
误：enter into a room 正：enter a room 进入房间
误：contact with sb. 正：contact sb. 与某人联系
误：equal to sth. 正： equal sth. 等于某物
误：ring to sb. 正：ring sb. 给某人打电话
注：有个别词在用于其他意义时，可以是不及物的，如enter into可以表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活
动，或用于较抽象的概念。如：
The country entered into a state of war. 这个国家进入战争状态。
I can enter into your feelings at the loss of your father. 我理解你失去父亲后的心情。
The two old men entered into a long conversation. 两位老人开始长谈起来。
十四、17个常用“be+形容词+about”结构
be angry about 为……生气 be anxious about 为……担忧
be careful about 当心…… be certain about 确信……
be curious about 对……好奇 be disappointed about 对……失望
be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be glad about 对……感到高兴
be happy about 为……感到高兴 be hopeful about 对……抱有希望
be mad about 对……入迷 be nervous about 为……感到不安
be particular about 对……讲究 be sad about 为……而难过
be serious about 对……认真 be sure about 对……有把握
be worried about 为……担忧

十五、10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构
be angry at 为……生气 be bad at 不善于……
be clever at 擅长于…… be disappointed at 对……失望
be expert at 在……方面是内行 be good at 善于……
be mad at 对……发怒 be quick at 在……方面敏捷
be skilful at 在……方面熟练 be slow at 在……方面迟钝

十六、18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构
be anxious for 渴望 be bad for 对……有害，对……不利
be bound for 前往 be celebrated for 以……出名
be convenient for 对……方便，在……附近 be eager for渴望
be famous for 因……闻名 be fit for 合适，适合
be good for 对……有益（方便） be grateful for 感谢
be hungry for 渴望得到 be late for 迟到
be necessary for 对……有必要 be ready for 为……准备好
be sorry for 因……抱歉 be suitable for 对……合适（适宜）
be thankful for 因……而感激 be well-known for以……出名

十七、6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构
be absent from 缺席，不在 be different from 与……不同
be far from 离……远，远远不 be free from 没有，免受
be safe from 没有……的危险 be tired from 因……而疲劳

十八、13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构
be concerned in 与……有关 be disappointed in 对（某人）感到失望
be engaged in 从事于，忙于 be experienced in 在……方面有经验
be expert in 在……方面是行家 be fortunate in 在……方面幸运
be honest in 在……方面诚实 be interested in 对……感兴趣
be lack in 缺乏 be rich in 富于，在……方面富有
be skilful in 擅长于 be successful in 在……方面成功
be weak in 在……方面不行

十九、18个常用“be+形容词+of”结构
be afraid of 害怕 be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧
be aware of 意识到，知道 be capable of 能够，可以
be careful of 小心，留心 be certain of 确信，对……有把握
be fond of 喜欢 be free of 没有，摆脱
be full of 充满 be glad of 为……而高兴
be nervous of 害怕 be proud of 为……自豪
be short of 缺乏 be shy of 不好意思
be sick of 对……厌倦 be sure of 肯定，有把握
be tired of 对……厌烦 be worthy of 只得，配得上

二十、20个常用“be+形容词+to”结构
be accustomed to 习惯于 be blind to 对……视而不见
be close to 靠近，接近 be cruel to 对……残酷，对……无情
be devoted to 献身，专心于 be equal to 等于，能胜任
be familiar to 为（某人）所熟悉 be harmful to 对……有危害
be important to 对……重要p; be open to 对……开放，易受到
be opposed to 反对，不赞成 be opposite to 在……对面，和……相反
be polite to 对……有礼貌 be related to 与……有关（是亲戚）
be respectful to 尊敬 be rude to 对……无礼
be similar to 与……相似 be true to 忠实于，信守
be used to 习惯于 be useful to 对……有用

二十一、16个常用“be+形容词+with”结构
be angry with 对（某人）生气 be bored with 对……厌烦
be busy with 忙于 be careful with 小心
be concerned with 关于，与……有关 be content with 以……为满足
be delighted with 对……感到高兴 be disappointed with 对（某人）失望
be familiar with 熟悉，精通 be honest with 对（某人）真诚
be ill with 患……病 be patient with 对（某人）有耐心
be pleased with 对……满意（高兴） be popular with 受……欢迎
be satisfied with 对……满意 be strict with 对（某人）严格
二十二、24个常用“in+其他词+of”结构
in advance of 在……前面 in aid of 帮助
in behalf of 为了，为了……的利益 in case of 如果，万一，以防
in celebration of 庆祝 in charge of 负责，管理
in commemoration of 纪念，庆祝 in defence of 保卫
in explanation of 解释 in face of 面对
in favour of 赞成，主张 in front of 在……前面
in honor of 纪念，祝贺，欢迎 in memory of 纪念
in need of 需要 in place of 代替
in possession of 拥有 in praise of 称赞
in respect of 关于，就……而言 in search of 寻找，搜找
in sight of 看得见，在看见……的地方 in spite of 虽然，尽管
in support of 为了支持（拥护）…… in view of 鉴于，考虑到
注：同时注意一下相似结构：
in exchange for 作为对……的交换 in preparation for 为……作准备
in return for 作为……的报答 in reward for 作为……的报酬
in addition to 加之，除……之外 in answer to 回答，响应
in contrast to [with] 与……形成对比 in opposition to 与……相反，反对
in reply to 作为对……的回答（答复） in response to 回答，响应
in [with] reference to 关于 in [with] regard to 关于

二十三、27个带to doing sth.的常用结构
1．动词+介词to+动名词
(1) admit to doing sth. 承认做了某事
(2) apply to doing sth. 适用于做某事
(3) object to doing sth. 反对做某事
(4) see to doing sth. 负责做某事
(5) stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事
(6) take to doing sth. 喜欢上做某事，逐渐习惯做某事

2．动词+宾语+介词to+动名词
(1) apply oneself to doing sth. 专心致力于做某事
(2) devote sth. to doing sth. 把……献给做某事
(3) devote oneself to doing sth. 献身于做某事
(4) limit sth. to doing sth. 把……限制在做某事的范围内
(5) reduce sb. to doing sth. 使某人沦为做某事

3．动词+名词+介词to+动名词
(1) give one’s life to doing sth. 献身于做某事
(2) give one’s mind to doing sth. 专心做某事
(3) have a dislike to doing sth. 厌恶做某事
(4) have an eye to doing sth. 注意做某事
(5) have an objection to doing sth. 反对（反感）做某事
(6) pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
(7) set one’s mind to doing sth. 决心做某事

4．be+形容词+介词to+动名词
(1) be equal to doing sth. 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
(2) be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
(3) be opposed to doing sth. 反对做某事
(4) be reduced to doing sth. 使某人沦为做某事
(5) be devoted to doing sth. 把时间（钱，精力等）献给做某事
(6) be limited to doing sth. 把……限制在做某事的范围内

5．其他结构+介词to+动名词
(1) get down to doing sth. 开始做某事，认真处理某事
(2) look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
(3) What do you say to doing sth? 你认为做某事如何？

sb. of 提醒某人?，使某人向想起
2. in good repair(=in good condition) 处于良好状态 be under repair 在修理中
3. reply to 答复，回答 familiar with 熟悉，了解 be familiar to
5. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于6. in addition (=besides) 此外，又
in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than) 除?外 7. in advance 预告，事先
8. take advantage of利用 9. agree with 赞同（某人意见） agree to 同意
10. ahead of time 提前 38. above all (=especially)尤其是，最重要的。
39. in all ( altogether) 总共，总计40. after all 毕竟，到底 41.(not) at all 一点也不
45. be anxious about 为?焦急不安；46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为?向?道歉
for 申请



第二部分 倒装句

倒装句的定义：倒装句是一种语法手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成 分。倒装句有
两种：完全倒装和部分倒装.
一：完全倒装
1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词，而非助动词)。
例如：1：The teacher came in and the class began.(没有倒装)
In came the teacher and the class began.
(老师走了进来，然后开始上课。)
2）：当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，句子须倒装。例如：
1. Round the corner walked a large policeman.
2. Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
1) 在here, there引出的倒装句中，当主语是普通名词时用完全倒装句， 但当主语是代词时，就要用
部分倒装句。
例：Here comes the postman!(邮递员终于来了!注意实意谓语动词位于主语之前。)
Here we are.(我们到了。注意系动词位于主语代词之后。)
二：部分倒装解析
1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前，或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about(疾病没有使他
放弃过上梦想中的生活)
2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的
用法： 例：Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。) In no country
other than Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.(据说除了英
国世界上没有哪个国家能让人在一天中感受到四季变化)
3) 以否定副词开头并加状语放在句首的句子要求部分倒装。这些否定副词有barely, hardly, little,
seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, not nearly, not only等以及only。 Only
in the country can you learn the “true English”.
4)一些如scarcely……when, no sooner ……than, hardly……when引导的主从复合句主句要求使用过去完
成式。 注意：在部分倒装句中，只有助动词、情态动词或连系动词to be可以置于主语之前，其它部分都
要置于主语之后。
5)此外，一些介词+no+名词的结构中需要用部分倒装，这些结构包括at no time; by no means; by no
manner of means; for no reason; in no case; in/under no circumstances; in no sense; in no way; on no account;
on no consideration; at no point例如Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money. 注意：
a) 如果含有从句时，只要求主句倒装： 例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had
made a big mistake.(只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。)
b) 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：
It was not until he went abroad that he knew the truth of the fact.
(直到他出国以后才了解到事实真相。)
c) 如果hardly, scarcely后面接的是any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never(几乎不、从不)，
则无须倒装。
Hardly any people invited went there.
(几乎没有什么受到邀请的人去那里了。)
6) 由no matter how, however和how引导的状语从句要求部分倒装， 因为形容词或副词通常紧跟在
这三个引导词后面，然后才是主语和谓语，形成形式上的部分倒装句：
I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一点也不了解这条河，不
知道它有多长，多宽或多深。)
7) 由as引导的部分倒装句：
a) 当as作为比较意义时，即用于as + adj./ adv. + as结构中时，如果把第一个as省略掉，就形成部分
倒装句。
Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.
(正如她家里人一样谨慎小心，她似乎不愿意立即回答我的问题。)
She charged the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).
(她跑上楼去，跑得象兔子那么快!)
b) 当 as引导让步状语时，和although, though一样，当用作“尽管”之义时，可以用于部分倒装句。
Hard as he worked, he did not pass the exam.
(虽然他很用功，但他还是没及格)
c) 表示原因时，为了强调起见，也可以倒装。
Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.
(因为他太累了，我们决定不打扰他。)
d) 等于so时，意义是“也，也是”
She worked hard, so/ as did her husband.
(她工作很努力，她的丈夫工作也很努力。)
so, neither, nor倒装
除了构成上述倒装句以外，还可以取代上文出现的名词、形容词甚 至整句话，构成完全倒装句或部分
倒装句。但这两种倒装的意义不同。
a) 当so表示“也，相同，那样”时，通常表示对前一句肯定句的赞同、一致内容，要求使用完全倒装
句：
He promised to finish my homework, so did I.
b) so /such ……that句型可以构成部分倒装句，表示强调so /such和that之间的部分：
例：So selfish was she that everyone avoid talking with her.
c)也存在such+be+主语的情况用以强调，例如Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great
achievements.(阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦是一个有伟大成就的普通人)
d) neither和nor共有4种倒装形式，其含义分别为：
1) 完全倒装时：表示也不，和上文a)用法正好相反，表示对前一句否定句的赞同或一致内容。
例：You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道现在该做什么，我也不知道。)
在“there be”(或there + appear to be，come，exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be,
stand, used to be) 雪结构中，倒装形式为完全倒装。
There were many students in the reading room in this evening.
今晚阅览室里有许多学生。
There is a TV set, a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room.
客厅里有一台电视机，一套组合音响和一些椅子。
here，there，now，then等引起的倒装
在以here,there,now,t hen等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时)，动词往往是be,come,go
等时， 这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如：
Here comes the bus.
公共汽车来了。
Here is the letter you have been looking forward to.
你久盼的信在这儿。
但要注意：如果主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如：
Here they are. 他们在这儿。
8）省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装
虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，were, had, should须移至主语之前。如：
Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job.
如果你在大学期间读书用功些，现在就会找到一份更好的工作。
Were he better qualified, he would apply for the position.
要是他的条件再好些，他就申请这个职位。
9)否定词位于句首时引起的倒装
(1). never，seldom，hardly，little，few等引起的倒装
否定词neve r，seldom，rarely，hardly，barely，scarcely，little，few等 位于句首时所引起的倒装句通
常为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为 完全倒装形式。如：
Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.
我很少有时间去看电影。
(2). nowhere，no longer，no more等引起的倒装
nowhere(无处)，no longer(不再)，no more(也不)等否定词位于句首时所引起的 倒装句通常为部分倒装
形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式：
No longer was he in charge of this work.
他不再负责这项工作了。
(3). not until，not a，not in the least等引起的倒装
not until(直到……才)，not a(一个……也没有)，not in the least(一点儿也不)，not for a minute/moment(一
点儿也不)等位于句首时，通常引起倒装(not a之后的名词作主 语时除外)，其形式通常为部分倒装形式，
如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒 装形式。如：
Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go on strike.
一直到所有的要求遭到拒绝之后，工人们才决定罢工。
Not once did he talk to me.
他一次也没有和我谈过。
(4). under no circumstances，by no means，in no way等引起的倒装
in/under no circumstances(无论如何不)，by no means (决不)，in no case (无论如何不)，in no way (决不)，
on no account (决不可)，on no condition(决不)等短语位于句首时所引起的倒装句通常为部分倒装形式，如
果谓语动 词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装形式。如：
In no case must force be resorted to.
决不准许诉诸武力。
By no means is it true that all English people know their own language well.
并非所有的英国人都通晓本国语。
关联连词位于句首时引起的倒装
(1). not only...but also引起的倒装
not only...but also位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒 装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时形式
或一般过去时形式，则为完全倒装形式。如： Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but also we
should try our best to overcome them.
我们不仅应该不怕困难，而且应该尽最大努力去克服它们。
(2). neither...nor引起的倒装
neither...nor位于句首引起的倒装句为部 分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，
则为完全倒装形式。如：
Neither Peter wanted the responsibility，nor did his wife.
彼得不想担此责任，他妻子也不想担此责任。
(3). hardly...when/no sooner...than引起的倒装
hardly/scarcely/barely...when
sooner...than位 于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过
去时，则为完全倒装 形式。如：
Hardly had he arrived when/No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.
他刚到就又被请走了。
(4). so...that引起的倒装
s o...that位于句首所引起的倒装句为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，< br>则为完全倒装形式。如：
So angry was he (He so angry) that he couldn’t speak.
他如此愤怒，以致说不出话来。
(5). such...that引起的倒装
such...that位于句首所引起的倒装句 为部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在时或一般过去
时，则为完全倒装形式。如：
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸的威力如此之大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。
6 only引起的倒装
当副词only位于句首并修饰状语或宾语时，引起句子的倒 装，其形式通常为部分倒装，如果谓语动
词为be的一般现在时或一般过去时，则为完全倒装。如：
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。
Only yesterday did I finish this the book.
到昨天我才读完那本书。
7.状语从句中的倒装
(1).让步状语从句中的倒装
as引导的让步状语从句中的倒装：
在as引导的让步状语从句中，位于句首的可以是形容词、名 词、副词，还可以是谓语动词的一部分，
从而形成从句的部分倒装。如：
Tires as he was, he continued the work.
虽然他累了，但是仍然继续工作。
more...，the more...结构中的倒装
在以the more...， the more...引导的倒装结构中，采用部分倒装;如果 主句的主语较长，可将谓语动词
置于主语之前，形成完全倒装。如：
The more books you read(宾语提前)，the wider your knowledge is(表语提前).
书读得越多，知识就越渊博。
倒装句练习题精选
1. Not until I began to work ____ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized
2. Only by practising a few hours every day ____ be able to master the language.
A. you can B. can you C. you will D. will you
3. If you don't go， neither ____.
A. shall I B. do I C. I do D. I shall
4. No sooner ____ to the station ____ the train left.
A. had I got， when B. I had got， than
C. had I got， than D. did I get， when
5. -- Your father is very strict with you.
____. He never lets off a single mistake of ours.
A. So he is B. So is he C. He is so D. So does he
6. ____ today， he would get there by Sunday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
7. Never in my life ____ such a thing.
A. I have heard or have seen B. have I heard or seen
C. I have heard or seen D. did I hear or see
8. -- Here ____! Where is Xiao Liu?
There ____.
A. comes the bus，is he B. comes the bus, he is
C. the bus comes，is he D. the bus comes，he is
9. ____ ， I will not buy it.
A. Much as do I like it B. As much I like it
C. Much as I like it D. As I like it much
10. -- I like football. I don't like volleyball.
____.
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So it is with me D. So is it with me
11. _____ the expense， I _____ to Italy.
A. If it were not， go B. Were it not for， would go
C. Weren't it for， will go D. If it hadn't been， would have gone
12. So _____ in the darkness that he didn't dare to move an inch.
A. he was frightened B. was he frightened
C. frightened he was D. frightened was he
13. -- In modem times， girls like beautiful clothes.
Yes, _____ and . After all, our life has greatly improved.
A. so do they，so do you B. so they do，so you do
C. so do they，so you do D. so they do,so do you
14. -- You have an English class every day except Sunday.
_____.
A. So we have B. So we do C. So have we D. So do we
15. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _____， so _____ mine.
A. does， will B. will， does C. will， would D. does， do
16. Only after I read the text over again _____ its main idea.
A. that I knew B. did I knew C. 1 could know D. I did know
17. -- You seem to have learned all the English words by heart.
_____ .
A. So l do B. So do l C. So I have D. So have I
18. -- I seldom watch TV， but listen to the radio a lot.
_____ .
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. I m the same D. So it is with me
19. So excited _____ that he couldn't say a word.
A. he seemed B. did he seem C. was he seeming D. he did look
20. Jimmy was so nervous not a single word _____ down in the dictation.
A. he wrote B. he was written C. did he write D. was he written
21. Little ______ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.
A. have I known B. had I known C. do 1 know D. did I know
22. -- Have you ever seen anything like that before?
---- ____.
A. No， I never have seen anything like that before
B. No， never I have seen anything like that before
C. No， never have 1 seen anything like that before
D. No， I have seen anything like that before never
23. _____ ， 1 would accept the invitation and go to the party.
A. Were I you B. Was I you C. Had I been you D. Would 1 be you
24. You should work less _____.
A. and neither should I B. and so should I
C. and nor should I D. and so I should
25. _____ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
26. Not only _____ a promise， but also he kept it.
A. did he make B. he made C. does he make D. has he made
27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _____.
A. So is his aunt B. So has his aunt
C. So his aunt does D. So it is with his aunt
28. Not once _____ their plan.
A. did they change B. they changed C. changed they D. they did change
29. -- Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?
I don't know, and ______ .
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care
C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
30. Not until he arrived home _____ he find that this wallet had been stolen.
A. did B. would C. when D. that
参考答案
1~5 BDACA 6~10 CBBCC 11~15 BDDBA 16~20 BADBC 21~25 DCABC 26~30 ADABA
（二）强调句
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分.
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语.

It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
It was last night ___ I see the comet.
time

答案C.强调句的结构是：It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句.强调句的连词只有两个,that和who.当强
调的部分是人,且为句子的主语时,才用 其余用that.
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语：It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语：It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间：It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.(注意不用when)
强调地点：It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

2）It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.

答案C.考点是连词用法.本题易误选为.其实本句不是强调句.若是,去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的
句子.而本句去掉 'It is…that',只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada.不成句.因此本句不是强调句.
It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is has been was had been.
强调句练习题
1. My bike is missing. I can't find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. —— Who's that？
____ Professor Li.
A. That's B. It's C. He's D. This's
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. —— Have you ever seen a whale alive？
Yes, I've seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work？
A. you'll take B. you'll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave？
A. and B. that C. that's D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice； ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr. Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that
B. many years before
C. many years ago that
D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It， all B. It， that C. There， who D. There， that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow
C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow

参考答案
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA
（四）虚拟语气
英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中
1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句： 一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：
would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.
If I were you, I would work hard.
2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could,
might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.
If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.
3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+
动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
（2）省略if的虚拟语气
如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?
If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over.
(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时候假设的情况 不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。
常用的词或短语 有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。
Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.
He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.
(4) 在if it were( had been )not for ….句型中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气也常用于‘if it were/(had been) not for ….’句型中，意为‘要不是由于…’。
If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.
If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.
二．虚拟语气用在名词性从句中
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词 原形（should可以省略）
这种结构中。
常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important,
regretful.
常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered,
suggested.
常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.
It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.
It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.
It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.
2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
①wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：
表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句
表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done
表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形
Iwish it were spring all year round.
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
She wished she had stayed at home.
②在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有 ：suggest, advise, propose,
demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command, ask, request.
The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.
当suggest表示‘暗示，说 明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语
气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.
3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 < br>在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形 。常
见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.
三．虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用
1.在as if/ as though引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：
主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）
主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）
主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）
He talks as if he knew all about it.
She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.
He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
2.在it is (high) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，表示早该
做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.
此句型中，注意与‘It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。
This is the first time that I have been here.
rather后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。
Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）
Would rather +主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）
I’d rather he didn’t go now.
I’d rather you hadn’t done it.
4. if only后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与wish的用法一致。
虚拟语气练习题精选
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; /
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be
11. _____ today, he _would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. would B. should have C. may D. have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we ____ the rain.
A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”
--- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. have B. will C. do D. had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed B. I’d fail C. I’d have failed D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
--- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow
for their help, we ______ the program in time.
A . can not finish. B. will not finish C. hand not finished D. could not have finished
22. The doctor recommended that you ____ swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t. B. couldn’t. C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
24. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A . would not win. B. would not won. C. would win. D. would have won.
25. ----Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?
----She ____ in the classroom. I saw her there just now.
A. shall be. B. should have been. C. must be. D. might have been.
（五）主谓一致
语法讲解：主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。 寻其规
律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

一、语法一致原则
语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主
语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfather is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy.
/ What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in
the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句
是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English
books. / What I say and do is （are） helpful to you.

2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily
are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both
she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The
writer and artist has come. （2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every more than a
（an） ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the
room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather
than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语
为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody
but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

4. either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代
词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语 动词也可用
复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are） interesting. （2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓
语动词就要用单 数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have）
been to America.

5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形
式。 这些词有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the
third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people， police， cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分
数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其 谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people
in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是
number，谓语用单数。

8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many
pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

二、逻辑意义一致原则
逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数 ；有时
形式为复数，但意义为单数）

1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：
Which is your bag？ / Which are your bags？ / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、 价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语
的名词在概念上是一个整体 ，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：“The
Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.

4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：
and a half apples is （are） left on the table.

5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty.
/ Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：mathematics， politics， physics 以及news， works等 ，都属于
形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：T he paper works
was built in 1990. / I think physics isn‘t easy to study.

7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair
of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。
三、就近一致原则
在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。

1. 当两个主语由either …… or， neither …… nor， whether …… or ……， not only …… but also连接时，谓
语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is
wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right？

2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的 主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那
个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。
主谓一致练习
of you ______ responsible for the accident.
a. am b. be c. is d. are
man and woman ______ the same rights.
a. has b. have c. had d. is having
means ______ tried but without much result.
a. has been b. have been c. are d. is
______ in this room.
a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures
c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture
manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.
a. were b. are c. was d. be
only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.
a. am b. is c. are d. was
r Tom nor his parents ______ at home.
a. is b. are c. has d. was
the dean or the principal ______ the meeting.
a. attends b. attend c. are attending d. have attended
9.______ was wrong.
a. Not the teacher but the students b. Both the students and the teacher
c. Neither the teacher not the students d. Not the students but the teacher
10.“______ twenty dollars a big sum to her?” “I suppose so.”
a. Will be b. Is c. Are d. Were
hours ______ enough for us to finish the task.a. are b. has c. is d. were
of his savings ______ in the Xin Hua Bank.
a. has been kept b. is being kept c. have kept d. have been kept
that can be done ______.
a. has done b. has been done c. have done d. have been done
or perhaps more pages _______.
a. is missing b. has been missed c. are missing d. was missing
than one worker ______ dismissed.
a. have been b. are c. has been d. has
a student ______ the importance of learning a foreign language.
a. have realized b. has realize c. have been realized d. has been realized
gas works ______ near the city.
a. is b. are c. were d. surroundings of his house ______ clean now.
a. is b. are c. was d. were
committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours.
a. has argued b. has been arguing c. have argued d. have been arguing
public ______ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.
a. is b. was c. are d. has been
______ on the hillside.
a. grazes b. is grazing c. was grazing d. were grazing
politics ______ neither conservative nor liberal.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
s ______ a kind of infectious illness.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
Philippines ______ to the south- east of China.
a. lies b. lie c. lay d. lays
is one of the girls who ______ always on timea. is b. am c. are d. was
is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted.
a. is going b. are going c. has been going d. have been going
caused the accident ______ on the road.
a. were stone b. were stones c. was stone d. was stones
and soda ______ his favorite drink.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
29.______ is to attend our evening.
a. both the singer and the dancer b. Either the singer or dancers
c. The singer or dancers d. The singer and dancer
Smiths ______ their breakfast when the morning post came.
a. had b. has been having c. are having d. were having
one except two students ______ the meeting.
a. has been late for b. have been late for c. was late for d. were later for
but him and me ______ to the exhibition.
a. am going b. is going c. are going d. was going
st, as well as prospects, ______ important when one looks for a job.
a. are b. were c. is d. was
president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.
a. have arrived b. are arriving c. had arrived d. has arrived
35.A number of cars ______ in front of the park
a. is parked b. was parked c. are parked d. has parked
number of articles published on smoking ______ amazing.
a. is b. are c. were d. have been
majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health. a. are believed b. had believed c. has
believed d. believe
majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.
a. is b. are c. were d. be
-fifths of the crop ______.
a. are ruined b. was ruined c. were ruined d. have been ruined
-fourths of the buildings ______.
a. was destroyed b. is destroyed c. were destroyed d. has been destroyed
to bed and early to rise ______ a man healthy, happy and wise.
a. making b. to make c. make d. makes
atics ______ the language of science.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
young ______ the vital forces in our society.
a. is b. has been c. are d. have been
man, woman and child ______ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.
a. knows b. know c. is known d. are known
of them ______ my friends.
a. is b. are c. was d. has been
only the whole nation, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society ______ to alter its
attitude to racial problems.
a. need b. needs c. has a need d. have a need
g to other planets or to the moon _____ many problems.
a. involve b. involves c. involving d. to involve
that country, the rich ______ richer, the poor, poorer.
a. become b. has become c. becomes d. is becoming
project requires more labor than ______ because it is extremely difficult.
a. has been put in b. have been put in c. being put in d. to be put in
one in one hundred children exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.
a. should be b. must be c. is d. are
1 C 19 D 37 D 2 A 20 C 38 A 3 A 21 D 39 B 4 D 22 B 40 C
5 C 23 A 41 D 6 C 24 A 42 D
7 B 25 C 43 C 8 A 26 A 44 A
9 D 27 D 45 B 10 B 28 A 46 B
11 C 29 D 47 B 12 D 30 D 48 A
13 B 31 C 49 A 14 C 32 C 50 C
定语从句

定语从句由关系代词wh o、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，< br>但须记住： 不能引导定语从句.
2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。
一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：
The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.
Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .
The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. （=The man who/whom that my fa
ther shook hands with just now is our headmaster.）注：
A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
A． 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone
（1）The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.
（2）Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
2．先行词为these时
These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.
3．在there be 开头的句子中
There is a student who wants to see you.
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。
The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hard.
5．在非限制性定语从句中
AI met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.
B．主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。
二．指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：
1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.
2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.
3. This is the house in which we lived last year.
(= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)
4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)
A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.
(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.
(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.
B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。
Is this the book which she is looking for?
The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.
The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.
C． 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。
（1）先行词为不定代词，如Al l、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、 the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
（1）先行词为不定代词，如All、much 、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。
We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.
I have told them all (that) I know.
All that can be done has been done.
（2）先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。
The first book that I read last night was an English novel.
（3）先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.