multimillionaire2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一精彩试题及解析汇报

2021年1月6日发(作者：康恺)

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2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I
Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER
SHEET 1. (10 points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's
population. 大1

家
homelessness has reached such proportions that local
governments can't possibly 大2
people 大3
To help homeless

家.
the federal government

家 independence,

家 the must support job training programs, 大4
minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
大5

家 everyone agrees on the number of Americans

家 anywhere from who are homeless. Estimates 大6
600,000 to 3 million. 大7

家 the figure may vary,
analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of
the homeless is 大8
government's studies 大9

家. One of the federal

家 that the number of the
homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this
decade.
Finding ways to 大10

家 this growing homeless
population has become increasingly difficult. 大11

家 when homeless individuals manage to find a 大
12

家 that will give them three meals a day and a
place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the
bulk of each day 大13

家 the street. Part of the
problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to
alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless
have serious mental disorders. Many others, 大14

家 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday
大15

家 skills needed to turn their lives 大16

家. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that
the situation will improve only when there are 大17

家 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.
大18
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College in Massachusetts, 大

家 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community
service at Bentley

19“There

家 it,
has to be 大20
package deal.”

家 of programs. What's needed is a
1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D]
Furthermore 2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D]
retain 3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward 4. [A]
raise
[B] add [C] take
[D] keep 5. [A] generally [B] almost [C] hardly [D]
not 6. [A] cover [B] change [C] range
[D] differ 7. [A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided
[D] Except that 8. [A] inflating [B] expanding [C]
increasing [D] extending 9. [A] predicts [B] displays
[C] proves [D] discovers 10. [A] assist [B] track [C]
sustain [D] dismiss 11. [A] Hence[ B] But [C] Even
[D] Only 12. [A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D]
house 13. [A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D]
wandering 14. [A] when [B] once [C] while
[D] whereas 15. [A] life
[B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance 16. [A]
around [B] over
[C] on [D] up
17. [A] complex [B] comprehensive [C] complementary [D]
compensating 18. [A] So [B] Since[ C] As [D] Thus
19. [A] puts
[B] interprets
[C] assumes
[D] makes 20. [A] supervision [B] manipulation [C]
regulation
[D] coordination


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Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below
each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your
answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American
society is an amazing machine for

homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing
uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and
absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”
launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered
“vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of
intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these
were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or
background. This turned shopping into a public and
democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports
are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,
which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly
poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum,
Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is
neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to
assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of
population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior
to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents;
in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now,
consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home
ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants
from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English
‘well' or ‘very well' after ten years of residence.” The
children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and
proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original
language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”
Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages.
By 1996 foreign- born immigrants who had arrived before
1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher
than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of
intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By
the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are
married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of
Asian-American women are married to non- Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around
the world are fans of superstars like Arnold
Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear
that immigrants living within the United States remain
somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power.”

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Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething
anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit
of everything. But particularly when viewed against
America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly
suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most
probably means
________.
[A] identifying [B] associating [C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the
19th century ________.
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture [B]
became intimate shops for common consumers [C] satisfied
the needs of a knowledgeable elite
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption 23.
The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
________.
[A] are resistant to homogenization
[B] exert a great influence on American culture [C] are
hardly a threat to the common culture
[D] constitute the majority of the population
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks
mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world. [B] To
reveal the public's fear of immigrants. [C] To give
examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author's opinion, the absorption of immigrants
into American society is
________.
[A] rewarding [B] successful [C] fruitless
[D] harmful
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry
-- William

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Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate
and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal
Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb
productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial
Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who
largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the
plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace
and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre
adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the
RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards and
sandals and noisiness. It's all deliciously ironic when
you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living,
was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of
noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus --
and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on
the side -- don't usually see the plays, and some of them
are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However,
the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with
their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends,
who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend
the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash
into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take
in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don't see it this way and local council does
not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal
Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally.
Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new
wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel
there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet
Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting
Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal
Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has
broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last
year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year
long and this year they'll do better.) The reason, of
course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have
stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it
would drive away the young people who are Stratford's most
attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays,
not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they
come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces,
wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding
down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre
to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for
the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens
at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC's contribution to the town's revenue
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off
stage [C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism

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27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
________.
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace
separately [B] the playgoers spend more money than the
sightseers [C] the sightseers do more shopping than the
playgoers
[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the
theater
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line
2-3, Paragraph 4), the
author implies that ________.
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects [B]
Stratford has long been in financial difficulties [C] the
town is not really short of money
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no
subsidy because ________.
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending [B]
the company is financially ill-managed
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.
[A] is supportive of both sides [B] favors the townsfolk's
view
[C] takes a detached attitude
[D] is sympathetic to the RSC
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,
something strange happened to the large animals. They
suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The
large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were
quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could
be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have
shown is just how fast things are changing. They have
looked at half a century of data from fisheries around
the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the
actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter)
of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but
rather changes in that biomass over time. According to
their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of
large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals)
in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15
years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished
areas, it has halved again since then.

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Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are
conservative. One reason for this is that fishing
technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their
prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available
50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is
in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between
present and past is likely to be worse than the one
recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days,
too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish.
Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,
since no baited hooks would have been available to trap
them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the
past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,
a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.
That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks
around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a
correct baseline, which future management efforts must
take into account. They believe the data support an idea
current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting
baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect
the massive changes which have happened in the ocean
because they have been looking back only a relatively
short time into the past. That matters because theory
suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be
cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target
species is about 50% of its original levels. Most
fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do
business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted
to suggest that ________.
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing
environment [B] small species survived as large animals
disappeared [C] large sea animals may face the same threat
today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that
________.
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries
has reduced by 90% [B] there are only half as many
fisheries as there were 15 years ago [C] the catch sizes
in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new
fisheries than in the
old 33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line
1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm
means that ________.
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly [B] the
catch- sizes are actually smaller than recorded [C] the
marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
[D] the data collected so far are out of date

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34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
________.
[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for
a longer time [B] fisheries should keep their yields below
50% of the biomass [C] the ocean biomass should be restored
to its original level
[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the
changing situation 35. The author seems to be mainly
concerned with most fisheries' ________.
[A] management efficiency [B] biomass level [C]
catch-size limits
[D] technological application
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the
weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore
emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that
feel bad.
This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like
painting and music, are those best suited for expressing
joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more
artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or,
worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth's