zipa2018高考浙江卷英语真题与 答案解析

2021年1月7日发(作者：吕思勉)
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第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分
范文 范例 指导 学习
2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语
35 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
2.5 分，满分 25 分）
A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66
novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for
a century —most experts
in 1719 — but
date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe
professionally.
early stages; the
The nobody wanted to do it
in its steam-powered printing press was still
literacy （识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction
appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a
lady. ”Novels, for the most part, were
















looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its
first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved,
who had led an explosion in
their readership
both the publication of novels and
Twist to
’
and whose characters — from Oliver
Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens
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范文 范例 指导 学习
greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon （名
人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as
the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
Howdid Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories,
literature is a numbers game, and the test

of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some60,000 novels were published during the
Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a

casual reader might
s partly
audiences
true

that

be able to name a half-dozen of them. It
’
Dickens ’ style

of writing

attracted


’s
from all walks of life. It
’s partly that his writings rode a
wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it
also that he rewrote
at the center.
energy and luck
the culture of literature and put himself
ambition,
But as the
—
No one will ever know what mix of talent,
writer. madeDickens such a singular
200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible
and important for our own culture
himself a lasting one.
21. Which of
18 century?
th
—to understand how he made

best describes

novels in


the

the following

British









A. They were difficult to understand.
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范文 范例 指导 学习
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to
stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author ’s purpose in writing the text? A. To
remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel. C. To
encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange
habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who
studies how to reduce litter, including things
that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What
is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs
defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags
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is
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范文 范例 指导 学习
every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways
that a growing number of cities do not allow

them at

checkouts( 收银台 ) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities
in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,



plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make
the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as
most people assume.
Amongthe
allow
recycled




bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still
shoppers to purchase
but require
paper bags, which are easily
and transport.



bags.




The
And more energy to produce
while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a
small percentage of all garbage on the ground
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has
appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping
stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more
plastic-bag use
i
t cancels out. However, longer-lasting



They
and want
reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study
found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be
better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists
hope paper bags

don't dispute （质疑） these points.
will be banned someday too







shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
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范文 范例 指导 学习
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do? A. Help
increase grocery sales.

B. Recycle the waste material. C.
Stop things falling off trucks.



D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to? A. Bans on
plastic bags.



B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage. D.
Plastic bags hung in trees.
26.





A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags. D.
Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?













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范文 范例 指导 学习
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was
built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a

century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line
配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced
the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen
million of them.






（装
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car

even the


shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:
the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel,
hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented
what it meant to be American
find new worlds. The road novel,
—going forward at high speed to
the road movie, these are the
most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap
cars and a never-ending interstate

highway system,

the largest
public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with

looking
“a chicken
in every pot and a car in every garage.
society has moved onward,
America from

never
a
” Since then, this

back, as the car
into

to create
an transformed farm-based

society
industrial .k
The




cars that drove the American Dream have helped
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范文 范例 指导 学习
a global ecological disaster. In America the demandfor oil has
grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive （过度的） energy consumption,
climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the
American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the
best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济） is a chance
to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green
technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is
going to be the currency of power in the new century. ”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America ’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B.
Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D.
farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman ’s attitude towards America ’s future?
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A







































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A. Ambiguous.
D. Tolerant.
范文 范例 指导 学习
B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting
experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an
acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to
accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor
should. ___31_____







Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a
good neighbor is to keep your property( 房产 ) neat, clean, and
in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside
of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and
feel of the area.


















Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood
seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag.
____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that
you care about the area.
______34____ If
to collect
a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer
a neighbor suffers an illness, mail and newspapers. If
offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there
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