dancers2018高考浙江卷英语真题和答案解析

2021年1月7日发(作者：姜国仁)
. .
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项中，选出最
佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66
novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for
a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe
in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The
steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the
literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of
fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with
something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were
looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its
first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved,
who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and
their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to
Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’
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greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名
人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as
the Louvre selling off the
Mona Lisa
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How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers
attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test
of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a
casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’
s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted
audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a
wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s
also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself
at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition,
energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the
200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible —
and important for our own culture—to understand how he made
himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the
18
th
century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
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B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to
stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange
habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental
scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things
that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What
is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is
defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags
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every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways
that a growing number of cities do not allow them at
checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities
in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,
plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists
like Stein to make the case that their products are not as
bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still
allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily
recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.
And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent
a small percentage of all garbage on the ground
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has
appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The
stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more
plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting
reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study
found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be
better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They
hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want
shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
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24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to
plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
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C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The
Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a
century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装
配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced
the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen
million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car
shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:
the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the
hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented
what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to
find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the
most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap
cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest
public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken
in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this
society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car
transformed America from a farm-based society into an
industrial .k
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create
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a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has
grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption,
climate change and population growth have been described in a
book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the
worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance
to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and
export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air
and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of
power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B.
Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D.
farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
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A
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A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful.
D. Tolerant.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting
experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become
an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the
easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct
yourself as a good neighbor should. ___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a
good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and
in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside
of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look
and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood
seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag.
____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that
you care about the area.
______34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer
to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness,
offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there
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