scale是什么意思2018高考英语浙江英语真题

2021年1月7日发(作者：洪国藩)
2018浙江英语真题
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语
选择题部分
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项
中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there
were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been
writing novels for a century—most experts date the
first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody
wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered
printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy
（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works
of fiction appeared without the names of the authors,
often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the
most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just
plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned
him as its first professional writer and publisher,
famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in
both the publication of novels and their readership
and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny
Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today
Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him
from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature
would make about as much sense as the Louvre
selling off the Mona Lisa.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings
readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers
game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to
pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the
Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual
reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them.
It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing
attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings
rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.
But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature
and put himself at the center. No one will ever know
what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made
Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th
anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible —
and important for our own culture—to understand
how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British
novels in the 18
th
century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the
text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His
strange habit makes sense when you consider that
he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to
reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage
trucks as they drive down the road. What is even
more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is
defending an industry behind the plastic shopping
bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film
plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree
branches or along highways that a growing number of
cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The
bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California,
including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds,
plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists
like Stein to make the case that their products are
not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities
with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,
which are easily recycled but require more
energy to produce and transport. And while plastic
bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small
percentage of all garbage on the ground
The industry has also taken aim at the product
that has appeared as its replacement: reusable
shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the
longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels
out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often
require more energy to make. One study found that a
cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be
better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these
points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday
too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags
for years.

24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2
refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags
according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite
young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette
Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling
off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908.
Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But
eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of
them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a
wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting
aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the
billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of
the last century, the car represented what it meant to
be American—going forward at high speed to find new
worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the
most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol,
cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway
system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with
“a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”
Since then, this society has moved onward, never
looking back, as the car transformed America from a
farm-based society into an industrial .k
The cars that drove the American Dream have
helped to create a global ecological disaster. In
America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent
since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy
consumption, climate change and population growth
have been described in a book by the American writer
Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes
for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）
is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability
to design, build and export green technologies for
producing clean water, clean air and healthy and
abundant food is going to be the currency of power in
the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by
car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American
culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with
Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road
system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B.
Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply. D.
farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s
future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C.
Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的
最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is
an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make
sure that you become an acceptable and valuable
part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to
accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself
as a good neighbor should. ___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you
can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房
A