tough是什么意思2018浙江英语高考真题

2021年1月7日发(作者：余绪缨)


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2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语

选择题部分

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B 、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项
涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.
People had been writing novels for a century most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe
in 1719but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its
early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared
without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part,
were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and
their readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moral
touchstones. Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂）
of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a
numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to
name a half-dozen of them. It's partly true that Dickens' style of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It's partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific
progress. But it's also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one
will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer.
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own
culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
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th
century? 21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18A. They were difficult to
understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication


D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider
that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off
garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's
jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in
tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at
checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los
Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the


case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase
paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while
plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground
today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable
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shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it
cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study
found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned
someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.


27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the
Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on
September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford
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would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most
lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the
hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American going
forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most
typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway
system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every
garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed
America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In
America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population
growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the
worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.
“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air
and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans' love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.
D. A farm-based society.
C. A shortage of oil supply.
30. What is Friedman's attitude towards America's future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 精品文
档．
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选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you
want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the
easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
___31_____


Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your
property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of


the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk.
Take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care


about the area.
______34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.


If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to
help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs


to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly
become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B 、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too much?


I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team


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sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it
___39____


When I got into college, things ____40. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.
Because of all this ____41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work


immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once that


happened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the


point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone.


One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a


sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 ,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline


full-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what


I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and


succeed.