30122018年高考浙江卷英语真题及答案知识讲解

2021年1月7日发(作者：李耀)




208年高考浙江卷英
语真题及答案
1
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项中，选出
最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were
66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing
novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to
Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it
professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still
in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England
was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the
names of the authors, often with something like “By a
lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly,
immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as
its first professional writer and publisher, famous and
beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication
of novels and their readership and whose characters — from
Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral
touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.
Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English
literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre
selling off the
Mona Lisa
.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings
readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game,
and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some
60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from
1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a
half- dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style
of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode
a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But
it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and
put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix
of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a
singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth
approaches, it is possible — and important for our own
culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in
the 18
th
century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to
stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His
strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an
environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter,
including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive
down the road. What is even more interesting is that one
of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the
plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic
bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along
highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them
at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90
cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these
headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists
like Stein to make the case that their products are not
as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans
still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are
easily recycled but require more energy to produce and
transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,
they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the
ground
The industry has also taken aim at the product that
has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.
The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the
more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-
lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.
One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131
times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points.
They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want
shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to
plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young.
The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the
assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven
cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry
Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The
car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American
culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even
the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car
represented what it meant to be American—going forward at
high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road
movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of
abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate
highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a
chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since
then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as
the car transformed America from a farm-based society into
an industrial .k
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to
create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand
for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption,
climate change and population growth have been described in
a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears
the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a
chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design,
build and export green technologies for producing clean
water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to
be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy.
Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply.
D. A farm-based society.

B.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous.
Hopeful.
B. Doubtful. C.
D. Tolerant.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an
exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that
you become an acceptable and valuable part of your
neighborhood . the easiest way to accomplish this is to
make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as
a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean,
and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the
outside of the home in great shape, you will help to
improve the look and feel of the area.