select是什么意思2018高考浙江卷英语试卷(解析版)

2021年1月7日发(作者：滕斌)
绝密★启用前
2018年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语
选择题部分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸
上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后 有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在
试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话 后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读
一遍。
1. What will James do tomorrow?
A. Watch a TV program.
B. Give a talk.
C. Write a report.
2. What can we say about the woman?
A. She’s generous.
B. She’s curious.
C. She’s helpful.
3. When does the train leave?
A. At 6:30.
B. At 8:30.
C. At 10:30.
4. How does the woman go to work?
A. By car.
B. On foot.
C. By bike.
5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
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B. Teacher and student.
C. Doctor and patient.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下 面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，
各小 题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman regret?
A. Giving up her research.
B. Dropping out of college.
C. Changing her major.
7. What is the woman interested in studying now?
A. Ecology.
B. Education.
C. Chemistry.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man?
A. A hotel manager.
B. A tour guide
C. A taxi driver.
9. What is the man doing for the woman?
A. Looking for some local foods.
B. Showing her around the seaside.
C. Offering information about a hotel.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In an office.
B. At home.
C. At a restaurant.
11. What will the speakers do tomorrow evening?
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A. Go to a concert.
B. Visit a friend.
C. Work extra hours.
12. Who is Alice going to call?
A. Mike.
B. Joan.
C. Catherine.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why does the woman meet the man?
A. To look at an apartment.
B. To deliver some furniture.
C. To have a meal together.
14. What does the woman like about the carpet?
A. Its color.
B. Its design.
C. Its quality.
15. What does the man say about the kitchen?
A. It’s a good size.
B. It’s newly painted.
C. It’s adequately equipped.
16. What will the woman most probably do next?
A. Go downtown.
B. Talk with her friend.
C. Make payment.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?
A. Movie fans.
B. News reporters.
C. College students.
18. When did the speaker take English classes?
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A. Before he left his hometown,
B. After he came to America.
C. When he was 15 years old.
19. How does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. He’s proud.
B. He’s sympathetic.
C. He’s grateful.
20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?
A. How education shaped his life.
B. How his language skills improved.
C. How he managed his business well.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been
writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—
but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy
（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often
with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and
beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters —
from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.
Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂） of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre
selling off the Mona Lisa.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and
the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from
1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style
of writing attracted audiences
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from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s
also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent,
ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth
approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18
th
century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
【答案】
21. C 22. D 23. A
【解析】本文写于
Charles Dickens
诞辰
200
周年前夕，介绍了
Charles Dickens
在英国小说方面的重要贡献
和深远影响。
21.
细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写
nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered
printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（
识字
）rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction
appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just
plain bad.
印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢 的不正常的，毫无价值
可言。故选
C。
22.
推理判断题。根据第二段
Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.
和列举的
Charles Dickens
小说的影响可知，
把他和
Mona Lisa
相比是为了说明
Charles Dickens
在英国小说方面的重要性和
Mona Lisa
在绘画方面的重要
性是一样的，故选
D。
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23.
写作意图题。根据文中对
Charles Dickens
及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后
But as the
200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own culture—to understand how he
made himself a lasting one.
可知本文是写于
Charles Dickens
诞辰
200
周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了
纪念这位伟大的作家。故选
A。
【点睛】
推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，
也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达
的态度和观点。
本文推理判断题的考法：
1.
推测文章的观点或结论。 小题
1
要求判断
18
世纪英国小说的现状，根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobody
wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in
England was under 50%.Novels, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
可知当时印刷技术落后，人
们识字 率低，小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的，毫无价值可言。
2.
推测作者写作目的或意图。小题
3
判断本文的写作目的，根据文中对
Charles Dickens
及其作品在英国小
说史上重要性的描写，和文章最后
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and
important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
可知本文是写于
Charles Dickens
诞辰200
周年前夕，由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。

B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an
environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive
down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic
shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or
along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited
in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring
scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which
are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,
they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
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The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags.
The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However,
longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at
least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and
want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.

24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
【答案】
24. D 25. A 26. D 27. A
【 解析】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题
，
尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产 和运输
需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。
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24.
细节理解题。根据第一段
one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
和第二
段
plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet
as most people assume.
可知塑料袋生产商雇用
Steven Stein
是为 了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样
对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选
D。
25.
词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用，看到这种现状，塑 料袋生产商雇用
Steven Stein
等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象 的那样对地球有害。
headwinds“
逆风
”
，此处指塑料袋
被 禁用的现状，即
Bans on plastic bags
，故选
A。
26.
细节理解题。根据第四段
However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知塑料
袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选
D。
27.
标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输 需要更多的能源，
希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行了对比，
Plas tic, Paper or Neither
既能概括全文，
又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选
A。
【点睛】
概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通 过关键词句来概括
(
如
议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，要看懂全文的主要内容 ，明白了主要内容就能准确概括文章标题。
小题
4
要求概括标题，本文讲述了使用塑料 袋造成的环境问题，纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的
能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋 子。对这三种方式进行了对比，
Plastic, Paper or Neither
既能概
括全文，又能吸引读者，适合作为标题。

C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in
Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on September 27, 1908. Only eleven
cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of
American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the
car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel,
the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending
interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since
then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based
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society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the
demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been
described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to
design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is
going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy.
C. A shortage of oil supply.








B. Environmental problems.
D. A farm-based society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Tolerant.
【答案】
28. B 29. B 30. C
【解析】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.
推理判断题。根据第二段
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the
most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.
可知现代
美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽 车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。
Hamburger
就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一
个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选
B。
29.
细节理解题。根据第四段
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological
disaster.
可知美国汽车的迅速发展
，
导致 生态灾难。故选
B。
30.
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的
He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.
和最后一段中的
Friedman
points out that the green economy
（经济）
is a chance to keep American strength.
可见
Friedman
虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见
Friedman
对未来是充满希 望的，故选
C。
【点睛】
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