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英汉互译词典2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)英语真题及答案解析

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2021-01-07 04:38
tags:浙江卷, 英语真题, 英语学习

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2021年1月7日发(作者:雷天觉)
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)
英 语

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项中,选出
最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels
published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most
experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody
wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still
in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%.
Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often
with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part, were looked
upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first
professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an
explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and
whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as
moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing
him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about

as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.

How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to
stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely
difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian
age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a
half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted
audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social,
political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of
literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix
of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer.
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and
important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a
lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18
th

century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to

stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes
sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies
how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they
drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's
jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.
So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing
number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are
prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing
these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists
like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet

as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow
shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require
more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be
ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the
ground
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its
replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the
longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However,
longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One
study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better
for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper
bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same
reusable bags for years.

24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag
makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model
T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the
first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only
eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford
would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car

shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside
diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last
century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going
forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie,
these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap
cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public
works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in
every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved
onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a
farm-based society into an industrial .k
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a
global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by
22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate
change and population growth have been described in a book by the
American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for
the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to
keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green
technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and
abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”

28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy.
problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply.
society.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous.
D. Tolerant.
B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful.
D. A farm-based
B. Environmental
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting
experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an
acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the easiest way to
accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor
should. ___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good

neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair.
_____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great
shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,.
When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This
small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to
collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do
the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to help in any way
this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others,
taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of
the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor
that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do
shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car,
pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh

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