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A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People
had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in
1719—
but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its
early stages; the literacy
（识字）
rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared
without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels, for the most part,
were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their
readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral
touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon
（名人堂）
of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a
numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to name
a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific
progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one
will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer.
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own
culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
【【【【21. C 22. D 23. A
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【【【【【【·【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【 【【【【【【·【【【【【200【【【【【【【【【【【【【
【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【 【【
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【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【·【【 【【【【【【【【【【
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【【21. C 【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【
根据第一段的描述“...
nobody
wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the
literacy【
识字
【rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names
of the authors... Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain
bad.”【【【【【【【【【【【 【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【
【【【【【【【【【 【C【
【【22. D 【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【”【【【【【【【【【【【【【 “Today Dickens’
greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon
（名人堂）
of English literature would
make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona
Lisa. ”【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【D【
【【23. A
【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【 【【【【【【【【【【【【·【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【200【【
【【【【【【【【【【【【【 【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【【
A【
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider
that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off
garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs
is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree
branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(
收银
台
). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these
headwinds
, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products
are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’ argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper
bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic
bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable
shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it
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