bandages【精校】2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)英语

2021年1月7日发(作者：冯雪峰)
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）英语

第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.
People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson
Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing press
was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many works of
fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.”Novels,
for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and
publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and
their readership and whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim— were held up as moral
touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon（名人堂）
of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a
numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were
published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able to
name a half-dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences
from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific
progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one
will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer.
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important for our own
culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18
th
century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段对当时情况的描写
nobody wanted to do it professionally. The
steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy
（识字）
rate in England was
under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors... Novels, for the
most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.
印刷技术落后，人们识字率低，
作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢 的不正常的，毫无价值可言。故选
C
。

答案：C

22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
A. his reputation in France
B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication
D. his importance in literature
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged.和列举的Charles Dickens
小说的影响可知，把他和Mona Lisa相比是为了说明Charles Dickens在英国小说方面的重要
性和Mona Lisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的，故选D。
答案：D

23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer.
B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture.
D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
解析：写作意图题。根据文中对Charles Dickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写，
和文章最后But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible — and important
for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.可知本文是写于Charles
Dickens诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。故选A。
答案：A

B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider
that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off
garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's
jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in
tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at
checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los
Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the
case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase
paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while
plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground
today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable
shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it
cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study
found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute（质疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned
someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段
one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic
shopping bags.
和第二段
plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that
their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
可知塑料袋生产商雇用
Steven
Stein
是为了证明 他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害，是对塑料袋被禁用的
解释和争论。故选
D< br>。

答案：D

25. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage.
D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
解析：词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁 用，看到这种现状，塑料袋生产
商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像 大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。
headwinds“逆风”，此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状，即Ban s on plastic bags，故选A。
答案：A

26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive.
B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. Producing them requires more energy.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段
However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more
energy to mak e.
可知塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能量，故选
D
。< br>
答案：D

27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither
B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
解析：标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋造成的环境问题，纸 袋容易回收，但生产和运输
需要更多的能源，希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。对这三种方式进行 了对比，Plastic,
Paper or Neither既能概括全文，又能吸引读者，最适合作为标题。故选A。
答案：A

C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the
Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line（装配线） on
September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford
would build fifteen million of them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most
lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the
hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going
forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most
typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway
system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every
garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed
America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In
America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive（过度的）energy consumption, climate change and population
growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the
worst, but hopes for the best.
Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.
“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air
and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car
shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the
motel, even the hamburger.
可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久 的一
些方面。
Hamburger
就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是 在说明汽车对美国
文化的影响，故选
B
。

答案：B

29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
A. Decline of economy.
B. Environmental problems.
C. A shortage of oil supply.
D. A farm-based society.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a
global ecological disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。
答案：B

30. What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?
A. Ambiguous.
B. Doubtful.
C. Hopeful.
D. Tolerant.
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和最后一
段中的Friedman points out that the green economy（经济）is a chance to keep American strength.< br>可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见
Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
答案：C

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you
want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . the
easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.
___31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your
property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. _____32_ __ By choosing to keep the outside of
the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk.
Take a small garbage bag. ____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care
about the area.
______34____ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers.
If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there to
help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
_____35__ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs
to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly
become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
解析：怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。

31.
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价
值的部分 ，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，
G
项：这
里有 一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故选
G
。

32.
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整
洁的户内 户外环境，
F
项中
keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
保持街上的一
切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故选
F
。

33.
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上
一个垃圾袋，
E
项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿 垃圾
袋的作用。故选
E
。

34.
考查对上下文的理解和 推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同
时尊重邻居的隐私。
B
项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故选
B
。

35.
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人 ，
照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。
C< br>项中
considerate behavior
是下文内容的概括，故选
C
。

答案：
31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、 C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处
的最佳选项。
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 36 to have too
much?
I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team
sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it
___39____
When I got into college, things ____40. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.
Because of all this ____41___ there was no sense of ___42____ to do my school work
immediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once that
happened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to the
point where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone.
One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a
sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 ,I asked him why he just didn't do his sideline
full-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do what
I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job, he would lose his 52 to work and
succeed.
So, try 53 your tine with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you want
something done, ask a 55 person to do it.
36.
A. true
B. fair
C. strange
D. possible
解析：考查形容词。A. true真实的；B. fair公平的；C. strange奇怪的；D. possible可能的。句意：我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但是拥有的时间太多可能会把事情做好吗?表示
“可能的 ”，表示作者的疑问，故选D。
答案：D

37.
A. remember
B. admit
C. understand
D. expect
解析：考查动词。A. remember记得；B. admit承认；C. understand理解；D. expect期望。
此处表示回忆起高中时自己的生活，表示“回忆起”是remember back，故选A。
答案：A

38.
A. watched
B. loved.
C. Coached
D. played
解析：考查动词。A. watched观察；B. loved热爱；C. coached训练；D. played玩。此处指自
从我进行团体体育锻炼后多数时间在学校，表示“进行体育锻炼”是play sport，故选D。
答案：D

39.
A. at last
B. right away
C. of course
D. mattered
last
最后；
B. right away
立刻，
C. of course
当然；
D. mattered< br>解析：考查固定短语。马上；
因为在校时间多，在家做作业的时间就少了，所以在家时必须马上写 作业。下文
do my school
work immediately
给了提示，故选
B
。

答案：B

40.
A. happened
B. repeated
C. changed
D. mattered
解析：考查动词。A. happened发生；B. repeated重复；C. changed改变；D. mattered要紧。
大学生活和高中生活不一样，所以说发生了改变。根据常识选C。
答案：C

41.
A. extra
B .difficult.
C. valuable
D. limited
解析：考查形容词。A. extra额外的；B .difficult.困难的；C. valuable有价值的； D. limited
有限的。此处指大学里有许多额外的时间，故选A。
答案：A

42.
A. duty
B. achievement
C .urgency
D. direction
解析：考查名词。
A. duty
责任；
B. achievement
成就；
C .urgency
紧急；
D. dire ction
方向。
大学里没有马上做作业的紧迫感，与高中时抓紧时间做作业形成对比，故选< br>C
。

答案：C

43.
A. burden
B. relief

C. risk
D. habit
解析：考查名词。A. burden负担；B. relief救济；C. risk冒险；D. habit习惯。由于不急着写
作业，所以后来就形成了等的习惯。故选D。
答案：D

44.
A. pushing
B. taking
C. setting
D. calling
解析：考查动词。
A. pushing
推；
B. taking
拿；
C. setting
放置；
D. calling
呼唤。与上文的
waiting
呼应，指形成等的习惯后，我就不断地把学习往后推，越推越 远。根据常识也可知
答案，故选
A
。

答案：A

45.
A. hanging out
B. staying up
C. jogging round
D. showing off
A. hanging out
挂出，
B. staying up
熬夜；
C. jogging round
解析：考查动词短语。常去某处；
慢跑；
D. showing off
炫耀。根据
late at night
可知是熬夜，此处指作业等到最后熬夜完成，
故选
B
。

答案：B

46.
A. met
B. helped
C. treated
D. hired
解析：考查动词。A. met遇见；B. helped帮助；C. treated治疗；D. hired雇用。此处指遇到
了以前的同学，根据句意选A。
答案：A

47.
A. raising
B. wasting
C. demanding
D. making
解析：考查动词。A. raising举起；B. wasting浪费；C. demanding要求；D. making获得。此
处指经营副业挣了许多钱，“挣钱”是make money,故选D。
答案：D

48.
A. safe
B. important
C. boring
D. rewarding
解析：考查形容词。A. safe安全的；B. important重要的；C. boring无聊的；D. rewarding有
益的。因为他的 常规工作是无聊的，所以作者建议他把副业作为全职工作。故选C。
答案：C

49.
A. luckily
B. hardly
C. hopefully
D. simply
解析：考查副词。
A. luckily
幸运地；
B. hardly
几乎不；
C. hopefully
有希望地；
D. simply
简
单地。朋友说如果没有 这个工作，很简单他就会有太多无聊的时间。根据句意可知选
D
。

答案：D

50.
A. childhood
B. college
C. town
D. business
解析：考查名词。
A. childhood
童年时期；
B. college
大学；
C. town
城镇；
D. business
商业。
他就会像我大学时一样因为有 太多的时间而不忙着做事，与上文内容呼应，故选
B
。

答案：B

51.
A. quit
B. found
C. accepted
D. kept
解析：考查动词。A. quit放弃；B. found发现； C. accepted接受； D. kept保持。如
果他放弃工作，就会失去工作和成功的动力。与作者的建议呼应，故选A。
答案：A

52.
A. heart
B. chance
C. drive
D. way
解析：考查名词。A. heart心脏；B. chance机会；C. drive驱动力；D. way方法。此处指如果
他放弃工作，就失去了紧迫感，就会失去工作和成功的动力。表示“动力”，故 选C。
答案：C