waterresistant2018高考真题英语-浙江卷说课讲解

2021年1月7日发(作者：郑汉浩)




208考真题英语-
浙江卷
1高
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绝密★启用前
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）
英 语
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅 读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该
项涂黑。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been
writing novels for a century — most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719 — but nobody
wanted to do it professionally. The steam- powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy (识
字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often
with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain
bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher,
famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and
whose characters — from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim — were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’
greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon (名人堂) of English literature would make
about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers
game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the
Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half-dozen of them. It’s
partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his
writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of
literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck
made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible
— and important for our own culture — to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?
A. They were difficult to understand.
B. They were popular among the rich.
C. They were seen as nearly worthless.
D. They were written mostly by women.
22. Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress ________.
A. his reputation in France B. his interest in modern art
C. his success in publication D. his importance in literature
23. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember a great writer. B. To introduce an English novel.
C. To encourage studies on culture. D. To promote values of the Victorian age.
B
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s
an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as
they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry
behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches
or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台). The bags are
prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag
makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as
most people assume.
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Among the bag makers’ arguments: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags,
which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be
ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping
bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However,
longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be
used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute (质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too
and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A. Help increase grocery sales. B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks. D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
25. What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Bans on plastic bags. B. Effects of city development.
C. Headaches caused by garbage. D. Plastic bags hung in trees.
26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A. They are quite expensive. B. Replacing them can be difficult.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags .D. Producing them requires more energy.
27. What is the best title for the text?
A. Plastic, Paper or Neither B. Industry, Pollution and Environment
C. Recycle or Throw Away D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
C
As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette
Plant in Michigan a century ago, with thefirst rolling off the assembly line (装配线) on September 27, 1908.
Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of
them.
Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting
aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of
the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American — going forward at high speed to find
new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant
petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every
garage. ”Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America
from a farm-based society into an industrial power.
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America
the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
The problems of excessive (过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have
been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the
best.
Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability
to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant
food is going to be the currency of power in the new century. ”
28. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.
D. To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system.
29. What has the use of cars in America led to?
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