月亮升起来【全国百强校】上海市建平中学2018届高三英语期中试卷及解析

2021年1月7日发(作者：汤定元)
2018届届建平中学高三英语期中试卷
I. Listening Comprehension(略)
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a
given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment
with different methods. (1) method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between
teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree (2) a discussion takes place.
Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there
rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom (3) not interfere with the freedom of others.
Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time (4) (deny) the rights of others to be heard.
Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish (5) (listen) to, then
we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view (6) someone is listening. (7) of us are capable of
listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only
hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of (8) is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is
typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal
discussion, (9) everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It
works (10)
(well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.

【答案】
1. Whichever

【解析】
1. 考查让步状语从句。前句中有different methods，所以应该用whichever，表示无论哪一种方法。
2. 考查宾语从句。
3. 考查情态动词。should 表示提出建议，表示该，可以。
4. 考查谓语动词。主语是单三人称，而且时态用一般现在时，所以用denies.
5. 考查动词不定式。wish to do sth, 固定搭配，但是也要注意此处用动词不定式的被动，表示我 们希望被倾听。根据下文，主要在说讨
论的规则，所以此处应该用how, 表示方式。
6. 考查条件状语从句。根据句意，表示如果没有人倾听，发表意见也是没有意义的。所以用unless。
7. 考查不定代词。根据句意，另外一个黄金规则是一次只有一个人说话，所以表示没有人能够一次同 时倾听很多人讲话。所以选用
None.
8. 考查宾语从句。分析句子结构，从句中缺少主语，用what表示正在被说的事情。
9. 考查非限制性定语从句。in which 就等于in the discussion.
10. 考查形容词比较级。前后句暗含比较，主要强调后句的方法更好。

【重难点词汇】
1. fruitful
2. adopt
3. productive
4. restrict
6. democratic
adj. 富有成效的；多产的
v. 采取；接受；收养；
adj. 富有成效的；多产的
vt. 限制；约束；限定
adj. 民主的；
2. how 3. should 4. denies 5. to be listened 6. unless 7. None 8. what 9. in which 10. better
5. interfere with 干扰，干涉；妨碍；
7. there is no point (in) doing sth 做…没有意义
8. typically adv. 代表性地；典型地
9. rare adj. 稀有的；稀薄的；半熟的
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10. ground-rule 基本原则，基本规则


Section B (10分)
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. officially B. accessible C. fingertips D. afford E. purest F. secure
G. display H. partnerless I. matched J. blankest K. historically

Most people get sweaty palms just staring at EI Capitan, a breathtaking rock formation i Yosemite National Park, California. Alex
Honnold’s stayed dry. And this June, he managed to climb the 900-meter vertical wall, pulling on edges barely big enough for (1)_____.
Honnold could not (2)______ any slips. That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of
moisture. There was no rope to (3)____him if he fell. After a four-hour (4) ______ of power and precision, the 31-year-old safely challenged
himself.
EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV show about
his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of
protection. It is the sport at its (6) _______. In Yosemite, the birthplace of American climbing, Hannold has reached its peak. Praise from fellow
climbers was (7)______ only by relief at his safe return.
The achievement marks the latest in a series of milestones for sport climbing (竞技攀岩). In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell
and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s (8)______part, after years of attempts. They made the front page of the
New York Times and got congratulations from Barack Obama for the achievement. Last year, sport climbing was (9) ______ accepted into the
Olympic program for Tokyo 2020.
These have strengthened climbing’s position in the sporting circle in America and elsewhere. Google has invited Jorgeson to give a
motivational talk to its employees. Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more
(10)______to ordinary people. The gyms have been popular among youngsters, who pay more attentions to exercises than to belongings.

【答案】1-5 CDFGH 6-10 EIJAB
【解析】
1. 考察名词。Alex Honnold 决定去徒手攀岩近乎垂直的岩石壁，手能接触的地方只有手指尖大小的地方 。选择C项。
2. 考察动词。从后文That’s because he carried nothing other than a bag of gymnasts’ chalk, to keep his fingers free of moisture. 说明Honnold
could not (2)______ any slips，这句话是为什么不能怎么样。由于徒手攀岩，没有任何防护措施，所 以对他来说不能有任何闪失。所
以是 could not afford sth.....选择D项。
3. 考察动词。To do sth, 可知是动词原形，由于前两句是徒手攀岩，没有任何防护，所以没有绳子能保证他的安全。选择F项。
4. 考察名词。只有 G项名词。经过四个小时表现力量和精密度，他最终安全挑战了他自己。G项意思符合。
5. 考察形容词。EI Capitan had been climbed (5) ______ before, including by Honnold, but never in the way he has. In 2011, an American TV
show about his earlier “free solos” drew seventeen million viewers. 可以看出以前也有人过来solo攀岩，对应的是partnerless.
6. 考察形容词。通过 In climbing, “free” means using nothing but rocks for support. “ Solo” means free of protection. 这正是这项运动最
纯粹的部分。 at its purest， 选项E符合题意。
7. 考察分词。Be done 形式。只有 matched 符合题意。match 在此的意思是：to be suitable for a particular thing or situation.
8. 考察形容词。In 2015, two other American Tommy Caldwell and Kevin Jorgeson, established a route up the Dawn Wall, EI Capitan’s
(8)______part, after years of attempts. 多年的努力尝试，终于登上了EI Capitan 以前未曾有人成功登上的地方。 对应 blank, 空白的。
9. 考察副词。Last year, sport climbing was (9) ______ accepted into the Olympic program for Tokyo 2020. 在2020 年的奥林匹克
运动会上climbing成为一项目存在，比较正式的场合，所以 A项合适。
10. 考察形容词。Climbing gyms have appeared around the globe over the past decade, making the event safer and more (10)______to
ordinary people. 现在攀岩馆出现在全世 界各地，使得此项运动更加的安全和大众化。以前攀岩一项危险的运动，徒手无防护，只有冒
险家才敢尝 试。现在对大众来说也可以。所以B项合适。

【词组搭配】
1. At its purest. 最纯粹的方式。【拓展】at one’s best 处在某人最佳的状态。
2. Be accessible to .... 可进入的
3. Establish v. 建立
4. Precision n. 精密，精确度
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III. Reading Comprehension (45 分）
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of
phrase that best fits the context.
At a certain age, you may feel as if you’re still at life’s beginning yet also disturbingly close to the (1) _______. You feel keenly that there’s
much left to do. You were going to win an Oscar, pick up a Nobel Prize in physics and get elected president, (2)______ you haven’t even gotten
around to auditioning (试镜) for a film, taking a university physics (3)______ or brushing up on your politics.
It’s almost enough to make you want to live forever. But then isn’t the real goal a life hugely increased not so much in (4) ______ as in
width? A life during which it’s (5) ______to pursue every one of a wide range of coexistent possibilities?
It’s true. If you were immortal (永生的）, you might eventually get to be a philosopher and a cantor and an actor and a psychoanalyst and a
novelist. But don’t forget: over the vastly extended period, life would certainly not cease exposing you to still further of (6)___________.
When you finally entered psychoanalytic training in 2100, you’d have to give up any number of other new possibilities that might at that instant
(7) ______ themselves, such as joining an “expedition to Alpha Centauri, or learning to create art with the previously (8) ______ colors recently
made visible on the spectrum. You might have crossed one possibility off our list, but you’d have (9) ______ three more. Hundreds of years in,
you’d still as though you’d (10) ______ moved beyond the opening stages of what life has to offer.
Many activities you once loved, meanwhile, would fall out of fashion or out of reach. As an aging mortal, your knees might make it tough
to run a marathon, causing you to (11)________all the healthy racers. As permanently youthful immortal, (12) ______ you might remain fit to
run marathons over the centuries. But perhaps the beloved urban races of your youth would have long since disappeared and been (13) ______
because of impossibly hot global temperatures and the fact that future civilizations find interplanetary relays far more (14) ______. All of the
things you once did have shelf lives, The longer you live, the more of them die, increasing the weight of the time that has flowed through your
fingers.
Many of us 60- and 70-somethings will remember George Burn’s quip goes; old age isn’t great but it sure beats the alternative. There’s also
truth to the reverse. (15)______ isn’t great, but it sure beats the alternative.

1. A. end B. interval C. milestone D. next
2. A. but B. though C. since D. whereas
3. A. price B. exam C. principle D. course
4. A. depth B. height C. length D. weight
5. A. enjoyable B. necessary C. impractical D. possible
6. A. choices B. lessons C. challenges D. disturbances
7. A. exclude B. face C. present D. ignore
8. A. unattractive B. pale C. unimaginable D. unique
9. A. added B. tried C. created D. identified
10. A. actually B. hardly C. significantly D. vaguely
11. A. encourage B. follow C. envy D. imitate
12. A. by contrast B. as a result C. for instance D. in addition
13. A. banned B. restored C. suspended D. feared
14. A. time- saving B. exciting C. comfortable D. economical
15. A. Future B. Youth C. Death D. Immortality

【答案】1-5 AADCD 6-10 ACCAB 11-15 CAABC
【分析】
1.考查名词。A. end 结束B. interval 间隔C. milestone 里程碑D. next 下一个。在某个年龄阶段，你会感觉自己好像生命才开始，但又
会非常不安地觉 得生命已走向尽头，故选A。
2.考查连词。A. but 然而B. though 虽然C. since 既然D. whereas 然而。你曾想赢得奥斯卡奖，摘取诺贝尔物理学奖的桂冠并当选总统，但现在你甚至还未曾参加过电影试镜，未选修过大学物理课，也未曾温习过政治，选A。
3.考查名词。A. price 价格B. exam 测试C. principle 原则D. course 课程 未选修过大学物理课，故选D。
4.考查名词。A. depth 深度B. height高度C. length 长度D. weight 重量。然而，人生真正的目标难道不是尽可能拓宽生命的广度而非
增加其长度吗，根据句意可知选C。
5.考查形容词。A. enjoyable 享受B. necessary必要C. impractical不切实际的D. possible难道不是要追求一个能够尝试大千世界种种可
能性的人生吗，故选D。
6.考查名词。A. choices 选择B. lessons 教训C. challenges挑战D. disturbances 扰乱。但别忘了：在那个无限延展的生命时光里，它当
然也会展示给你更多的选择。根据句意可知选A。
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7.考查动词。A. exclude 排除B. face 面对C. present 呈现D. ignore 忽视。你也许不得不放弃同一时间出现的无数其它新的可能性，选
C。
8.考查形容词。A. unattractive 不吸引人的 B. pale 灰暗的C. unimaginable 无法想象的D. unique 特别的。或者学习用以往难以想象但
在最新的光谱上却能找到的新颜色去创作艺术，故选C。
9.考查动词。A. added 加上B. tried 尝试C. created 创造D. identified 指出。你也许尝试了一个可能，但与此同时你又多了三个新的，
根据句意可知选A。
10.考查副词。A. actually 事实上B. hardly几乎C. significantly 显著地D. vaguely 模糊地。句意：几百年以后，你仍会感觉你好像仅仅
徘徊在生活的开场，根据句意可知选B。
11.考查动词。A. encourage 鼓励B. follow 接着C. envy 妒忌D. imitate模仿。你的膝盖可能会阻碍你去跑马拉松，让你嫉妒所有健康
的跑步者，故选C。
12.考查副词。A. by contrast 对比而言B. as a result 因此C. for instance 举例D. in addition 除此之外。相反，作为一个长生不老之人，< br>你可能在活了几个世纪后，还可以健康地跑马拉松，根据句意和逻辑推理可知选A。
13.考查动词。A. banned 禁止B. restored 恢复C. suspended 暂停D. feared 恐惧。但或许你年轻时所钟爱的城市路跑很久以前就消失了，
被禁了，因为那 无法想象的全球高温，选A。
14.考查形容词。A. time-saving 节约时间的 B. exciting 令人兴奋的 C. comfortable 舒适的D. economical 省钱的。或者是未来文明发
现星际接力赛更令人神往，故选B。
15.考查名词。A. Future 将来B. Youth 年轻C. Death死亡D. Immortality 永生。美国 著名喜剧演员乔治?伯恩斯曾有妙语：“年老并不美
好，但它肯定强过另一种结果。反之亦然，死亡并不 美好，但它肯定好过另一种选择。”，根据句意可知选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there
are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)
Notices have been put up here and there in the village for the last fortnight announcing a meeting to discuss the yearly Flower Show, which
has not been held in Fairacre for a number of years. Before I became the village schoolmistress here, the Flower Show appears to have been an
event of some importance and people came from miles around to enjoy a day at Fairacre.
I decided to go to the meeting, as the children in my school, I knew, used to play quite a large part in this village excitement and there were a
number of special competitions, such as collecting wild flowers, making dolls’ house decorations or little gardens and so on, included in the
program.
It was a freezing, starlit night. By the time I arrived at the Village hall, there were about ten people already there. The doctor was chairman
of the meeting. A few men were warming their hand over the rather smoky oil stove, which was trying, somewhat inefficiently, to warm the
room. The meeting was called for seven thirty ---a most inconvenient time in my private opinion as it successfully upsets the evening and puts
back the time of one’s evening meal. By a quarter to eight only fifteen people had arrived.
“I think we must begin,” the doctor said, turning his gentle smile upon us. He gave a short speech about the past glories of Fairarce’s
Flower Show and his hopes that it might take place again. “Perhaps someone would put forward the suggestion that the Flower Show be
restarted?” he suggested. There was a heavy silence, broken only by the movement of feet from the bench at the back. All fifteen of us, I noticed,
were middle-aged. John Pringle, Mrs. Pringle’s only child, must have been the youngest among us and he is a man of nearly thirty. It was John
who, at last, shyly answered the doctor’s request.
“I’ll do it,” he said. “Propose we have a Flower Show then.” He sat down, pink and self-conscious, and the doctor thanked him sincerely.
“Is there anybody else who agrees with this proposal?” Again that painful silence. It seemed as though we sat in a dream.
“I’ll do it,” I said, when I could stand the waiting no longer. “Good! Good!” said the doctor cheerfully. “Let’s take a vote here then.” All fifteen
raised their hands doubtfully. To look at our faces an outsider might reasonably have thought we were having the choice of hanging or the
electric chair.

56. What is the purpose of the meeting?
A. To make arrangements for the next Flower Show.
B. To get people’s ideas about the next Flower Show.
C. To decide whether a Flower Show would be held again.
D. To find out whether people would help with the Flower Show.

57. What was the reason for the author’s attendance?
A. The school children has always taken part in the Flower Show.
B. She wanted to find out what the children could do to help.
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C. She wanted to know what special lessons to give the children.
D. The school children might do more work in the school garden.

58. Why did the author declare her support for Mr. Pringle’s proposal?
A. It had become fairly clear that nobody else would.
B. She was in hurry to go home.
C. She was the only one really interested in the matter.
D. She felt sorry for the doctor.

【答案】56.C 57.A 58.A
【分析】
56. 首段的第一句话中提到召集村庄里所有的人开会商讨一年一度的Flower Show---花展，而这个花展 已经有好几年没在Fairacre举办
了，所以是为了讨论是否再次举办Flower Show，故答案是C。
57. 文章第二段的首句即是答案，作者学校的学生过去常常参与到Flower Show当中，故答案是A。
58. 文章最后三段描述了proposal的过程，从中可以看出，没有人愿意站出来支持Mr. Pringle举办花展的提议，除了作者，故答案是A。


(B)
Mapping Antarctica
Antarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle
believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the
world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita (Latin for “unknown land”) at the bottom
of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the
business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times the size of the U.S..
While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica’s vast
interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.
Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), which is based at the University of
Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the company’s Trekker technology to capture images of
Antarctica for the Internet giant’s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a
backpack. The camera records image in all directions. “It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each
day,” says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.” According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create
educational apps for museums.
The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project,
Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their
field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific
instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched in Antarctica because there is no danger that they will hurt anyone when they
fall back down to Earth. Using satellite images, Kelleher and colleagues created maps of where the balloon could be found.
Antarctica may no longer be Terra Incognita, but it still holds countless mysteries. Cartographers and the maps they make will continue to
be essential in helping scientists unlock those secrets.
59. From the passage, we can infer that Antarctica was on the map in the 1500s when________.
A. mapmakers knew it was much larger than the U.S.
B. Aristotle named the continent Terra Incognita
C. no one had ever seen or been to the continent
D. it was such an interesting continent as was often referred to

60. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. It needs much work for the mapmakers to head out into the wild.
B. The interior can only be mapped by planes and satellites.
C. It is relatively easy to map Antarctica’s coastline by ship.
D. Antarctic is a vast but still mysterious continent.

61. The Polar Geospatial Center (PGC) works with Google initially_________.
A. to capture images of Antarctica for Street View
B. to test the company’s Trekker technology
C. to create educational apps for museums
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D. to hike for an incredible experience

62. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about _______.
A. satellite images which are used to map huge cracks in the ice
B. a high-tech helium balloon for carrying scientific instruments
C. how to safely approach the researcher’s field camp and the balloon
D. the specialized mapmaking services provided by the PGC staff

【答案】59.C 60.B 61.A 62.D
【分析】
59.文章首段的第四句可知C。
60.根据第二段的第二句可知，选B。
61.根据第三段第二句选A。
62.整个第四段都是在说明文章首句The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic
Program.故选C。

（C）
A therapy-animal trend attracts the United States. The San Francisco airport uses a pig to calm tired travelers. Universities nationwide bring
dogs (and a donkey) onto campus to relieve students during finals. And that duck on a plane? It might be an emotional-support animal prescribed
by a mental health professional.
The trend, which has been gaining popularity hugely since its initial stirrings a few decades ago, is strengthened by a widespread belief that
interaction with animals can reduce distress whether it happens over belief physical contact at the airport or in long-term relationships at home.
Certainly the groups offering up pets think so, as do some mental health professionals. But the popular embrace of pets as furry therapists is
causing growing discomfort among some researchers in the field, who say it has raced far ahead of scientific evidence.
Earlier this year in the Journal of Applied Development Science, an introduction to articles on “animal -assisted intervention” said research
into its effectiveness “remains in its infancy.” A recent literature review by Molly Crossman, a Yale University doctoral candidate who recently
wrapped up one study involving an 8-year-old dog named Pardner, cited a “vague body of evidence” that sometimes has shown positive
short-term effects, often found no effect and occasionally identified higher rates of distress.
Overall, Crossman wrote, animals seem to be helpful in a “small-to-medium” way, but it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or
something else is at play.
“It’s a field that has been sort of carried forward by the beliefs of practitioners” who have seen patients’ mental health improve after
working with or adopting animals, said James Serpell, director of the Centre for the Interaction of Animals and Society at the University of
Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. “That kind of thing has almost driven the field, and the research is playing catch-up. In other words,
people are recognizing that stories aren’t enough.”
Using animals in mental health setting is nothing new. In the 17
th
century, a Quaker-run retreat in England encouraged mentally ill patients
to interact with animals on its grounds. Sigmund Freud often included one of his dogs in psychoanalysis sessions. Yet the subject did not become
a research target until the American psychologist Boris Levinson began writing in the 1960s about the positive effect his dog Jingles had on
patients.
But the evidence to date is problematic, according to Crossman’s review and others before it. Most studies had small sample sizes, she
wrote, and an “alarming numbers” did not control for other possible reasons for a changed stress level, such as interaction with animal’s human
handler. Studies also tend to generalize across animals, she noted. If participants are measurably relieved by one golden retriever, that doesn’t
mean another dog---or another species--will arouse the same response.

63. According to the passage, what makes the therapy-animal trend more popular?
A. It has been in existence for no less than twenty years.
B. Mental health professionals have managed to cure patients with animals.
C. It is widely assumed that staying with animals can make people happier.
D. There is much related research to show that animals do good to some patients.

64. Molly Crossman is quoted in the passage to ____ .
A. illustrate more scientific evidence is needed that animals are effective therapists.
B. highlight the importance of practitioners’ beliefs in the field of animal therapies.
C. question Srepell’s view that animals deserve the credit in helping patients.
D. criticize people for their taking human-animal stories too seriously.

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65. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animal-assisted intervention turns out to be of more use than people think.
B. It is hard to see how many reasons there are for people to benefit from animals.
C. Research findings relating to one breed of dogs may not apply to another breed.
D. Small sample sizes can sometimes produce reliable effects in human- animal studies

66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. More evidence found for dog-human relationship
B. Potential effects dogs have on patients
C. Therapeutic animal: nothing new
D. Good dog, good therapist?

【答案】63.C 64.A 65.C 66.D
【分析】
63.文章第二段的首句意思即可得，本题题干是对第二段首句的同义解释，故选A。
64.根据第四段，it’s unclear whether the animals deserve the credit or something else is at play.
可知现有的证据是不能够充分证明动物有助于缓解压力的，故选A。
65.根据文章末可知，一种类型动物身上出现的实验结果不一定出现在另一类型动物身上，故选D。
66.本文主要是针对与动物的互动有助于人类解压的论点给出了两个实验结果加以推理和批判，故D项 能概括全文。

Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note
that there are two more sentences than you need.


A. However, the Mexican government does not have enough money to do the work, and needs to spend what

money it has on the Mexican people.

B. That is enough to have caused some of the ancient carvings to become seriously damaged already.

C. So unless the price of rises, it is unlikely that Mexican will be able to afford to clean up the pollution an save its

Mayan ruins from destruction.






D. These measures would reduce the pollution, but would not stop it completely.
AB. The problem, however, is not a European one.
AC. They dissolve in rainwater and this makes acid rain, which damages trees, rivers and streams
Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. Harmful gases like Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide are
produced by power stations and cars. (1)
Acid rain is also capable of dissolving some rocks an buildings made of soft rock, such as limestone, are particularly badly affected. The
acid rain attacks the rock, and so carvings and statues are worn away more quickly.
(2) According to a report in the Scientist, acid rain is being blamed for the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico. The old
limestone buildings in places like Chichen Itza, Tulum and Palenque are wearing away very quickly indeed. These sites are the remains of the
buildings built by the Mayas between 250 BC and AD900, and the spectacular ruins of civilization are visited by thousands of tourists every
year.
The acid rain is said to be caused by pollution from oil wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Car exhaust gases are also a problem. Local volcanic
eruption make the problem even worse. Nevertheless, with enough money and effort, researchers say that many of the problems could be solved
and the rate of dissolving reduced.(3)
Mexico’s current lack of funds is also partly due to oil. The country has rich oil field and a few years ago, when oil was expensive, Mexico
was selling large quantities of oil to the USA and earning a lot of money. The government was therefore able to borrow huge sums of money
from banks around the world, thinking they would have no problem repaying their debts. However, the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has
been left owing enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans. (4)

【答案】 AC, AB, A, C
【解析】
1. 前文讲解了acid rain 会释放有害的气体sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide，根据作者的行文思路，可知答案AC，讲明这些有害 气体
是怎样形成酸雨，对环境造成伤害的。
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2. 前文第一段讲了Acid rain is now a familiar problem in the industrialized countries in Europe. 后文 acid rain is being blamed for the rapid
decay of ancient ruins Mexico. 可知这一问题的症结在the rapid decay of ancient ruins Mexico，前后发生了转折， 可知答案AB
3. 根据上文with enough money and effort, ... the rate of dissolving reduced.可知with enough money 可以缓解这一问题，后文Mexico’s
current lack of funds ，可知选项的关键词为money,且资金缺乏，可知答案A
4. 这一段主要讲了解决措施，足够的钱是解决这一问题的关键，根据前文the price of oil then dropped, and Mexico has been left owing
enormous sums of money and with not enough income from oil sales to pay back the loans.可知石油价格是enough money的关键，可知答案
C


IV. Summary Writing
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own
words as far as possible.

Ellie is a psychologist, and a good one at that. Smile in a certain way, and she knows precisely what your smile means. She listens to what
you say, processes every word, works out the meaning of your pitch, your tone, your posture, everything. She is at the top of her game but,
according to a new study, her greatest advantage is that she is not human.
When faced with tough or potentially embarrassing questions, people often do not tell doctors what they need to hear. Yet the researchers
behind Ellie, led by Jonathan Gratch at the Institute for Creative Technologies, in Los Angeles, suspected from their years of monitoring human
interactions with computers that people might be more willing to talk if presented with an avatar, that is, a virtual figure. To test this idea, they
put 239 people in front of Ellie to have a chat with her about their lives. Half were told (truthfully) they would be interacting with an artificially
intelligent virtual human (AIVH); the others were told (falsely) that Ellie was a bit like a puppet, and was having her strings pulled remotely by a
person.
Dr Gratch and his colleagues report that, though every participant interacted with the same avatar, their experiences differed markedly
based on what they believed they were dealing with. Those who thought Ellie was under the control of a human operator reported greater fear of
disclosing personal information, and said they managed more carefully what they expressed during the session, than did those who believed they
were simply interacting with a computer.

【答案】
Ellie, a virtual psychologist, gains an advantage over a human doctor in helping patients. In the research, the participants were asked to talk
with Ellie. Some were told Ellie was a virtual human while the others were told Ellie was controlled by a man. The researchers found the former
were more willing than the later to disclose their personal information

【分析】
1. 要点中需要包括?Ellie是一个a virtual psychologist；?需要介绍对于Ellie的不同观点?总结。
2. 容易出现的问题是?未能抓住文章的主旨大意；?缺乏逻辑，文章整体思路混乱。

V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 二个月后他才适应了国外的生活。（It）
2. 雨天路滑，小心驾驶，以防不测。（in case）
3. 看到小鸟在笼子里痛苦地挣扎，他毫不犹豫地打开笼门，让小鸟自由。（free）
4. 这款产品不仅环保，易于操作，价格较之以前也降了一半，因而畅销海内外。（Not only）

【答案】1. It took him two months to adapt himself to the life abroad.
2. The road is slippery on rainy days, so drive carefully in case of accidents.
3. He unhesitatingly opened the gate of the cage to free the little bird, when saw it struggling to survive in the cage.
4. Not only is this type of product eco-friendly and easy to operate, but the price has halved compared with before, and thus it sells well at home
and abroad.

【分析】1. 括号中的It首字母大写，须知应放在句首。该题考查it位于句首的常用句型，It takes somebody ...to do something，该句型
中的不定式是真正的主语，it引 导的是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。使某人适应新的变化
和 环境，adapt oneself to...。
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2. 该题考查in case的用法，以及句子的因果关系。原因是“雨天路滑”，所以要“小心驾驶”。“不测”可 用accidents, 意为“事故；意外”，
与驾驶契合。
3. 该提考查when引导的时间状语从句，以及free作为及物动词的用法，后面直接跟宾语bird。
4. 该题考查Not only放在句首的倒装句用法，谓语动词提到主语前面。




Ⅵ. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
请记叙一件发生在你的旅行途中的印象深刻的事，并简要谈谈你的感悟。

【参考范文】
I love traveling. Traveling not only broadens my horizons but also opens my eyes to the world. What’s more, it refreshes me. However,
among all my trips, the trip to Guilin impress me most.
Famed as a heaven on earth, the scenery of Guilin and its livable environment deeply enchanted us. Unfortunately, I saw a couple of
youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake where many dead fishes floated on the surface, sitting on the boat and enjoying their sightseeing. What
the aboving scene can be elaborated in terms of environmental problem and public manners. On the one hand, along with the development of the
economy and society, people tend to attach great importance to personal and economic interests, ignoring ecological balance. As a consequence,
environment has been polluted so seriously that environmental protection should be put on the agenda immediately. On the other hand, the
inappropriate public manners such as littering and spitting are also one of the major factors causing environmental problems.
To live a more comfortable life, we must promote and popularize the sense of environmental protection. For one thing, laws and regulations
should be issued to change the practice of sacrificing long-term environmental health for short-term rapid economic development. For another,
some educational campaign should be launched among the public, especially the young, to raise the awareness of public morality. Only in these
ways can we achieve sustainable development and live in a harmonious society.





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