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Website
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A website is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other
digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource
Locator (URL), often consisting of only the domain name, or the IP address,
and the root path in an Internet Protocol-based network. A web site is hosted
on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a
private local area network.
A web page is a document, typically written in plain text interspersed
with formatting instructions of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML, XHTML).
A web page may incorporate elements from other websites with suitable
markup anchors.
Web pages are accessed and transported with the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), which may optionally employ encryption (HTTP Secure,
HTTPS) to provide security and privacy for the user of the web page content.
The user's application, often a web browser, renders the page content
according to its HTML markup instructions onto a display terminal.
All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide
pages of a website can usually be accessed from a simple Uniform
Resource Locator called the homepage. The URLs of the pages organize them
into a hierarchy, although hyperlinking between them conveys the reader's
perceived site structure and guides the reader's navigation of the site.
Some websites require a subscription to access some or all of their
content. Examples of subscription sites include many business sites, parts of
many news sites, academic journal sites, gaming sites, message boards,
web-based e-mail, social networking websites, and sites providing real-time
stock market data.
1. History
The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by CERN physicist
Tim 30 April 1993, CERN announced that the World Wide
Web would be free to use for anyone.
Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as file
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transfer protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual
files from a server. These protocols offer a simple directory structure which
the user navigates and chooses files to download. Documents were most
often presented as plain text files without formatting or were encoded in
word processor formats.
2. Overview
Organized by function, a website may be
（1）a personal website
（2）a commercial website
（3）a government website
（4）a non-profit organization website
It could be the work of an individual, a business or other organization,
and is typically dedicated to some particular topic or purpose. Any website
can contain a hyperlink to any other website, so the distinction between
individual sites, as perceived by the user, may sometimes be blurred.
Websites are written in, or dynamically converted to HTML (Hyper Text
Markup Language) and are accessed using a software interface classified as a
user agent. Web pages can be viewed or otherwise accessed from a range of
computer-based and Internet-enabled devices of various sizes, including
desktop computers, laptops, PDAs and cell phones.
A website is hosted on a computer system known as a web server, also
called an HTTP server, and these terms can also refer to the software that
runs on these systems and that retrieves and delivers the web pages in
response to requests from the website users. Apache is the most commonly
used web server software (according to Netcraft statistics) and Microsoft's
Internet Information Server (IIS) is also commonly used.
3. Static website
A static website is one that has web pages stored on the server in the
format that is sent to a client web browser. It is primarily coded in Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML).
Simple forms or marketing examples of websites, such as classic website,
a five-page website or a brochure website are often static websites, because
they present pre-defined, static information to the user. This may include
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information about a company and its products and services via text, photos,
animations, audio/video and interactive menus and navigation.
This type of website usually displays the same information to all visitors.
Similar to handing out a printed brochure to customers or clients, a static
website will generally provide consistent, standard information for an
extended period of time. Although the website owner may make updates
periodically, it is a manual process to edit the text, photos and other content
and may require basic website design skills and software.
In summary, visitors are not able to control what information they
receive via a static website, and must instead settle for whatever content the
website owner has decided to offer at that time.
They are edited using four broad categories of software:
(1) Text editors, such as Notepad or TextEdit, where content and HTML
markup are manipulated directly within the editor program
(2) Wysiwyg offline editors, such as Microsoft FrontPage and Adobe
Dreamweaver (previously Macromedia Dreamweaver), with which the site is
edited using a GUI interface and the final HTML markup is generated
automatically by the editor software
(3) Wysiwyg online editors which create media rich online presentation
like web pages, widgets, intro, blogs, and other documents.
(4) Template-based editors, such as Rapidweaver and iWeb, which allow
users to quickly create and upload web pages to a web server without
detailed HTML knowledge, as they pick a suitable template from a palette
and add pictures and text to it in a desktop publishing fashion without direct
manipulation of HTML code.
4. Dynamic website
A dynamic website is one that changes or customizes itself frequently
and automatically, based on certain criteria.
Dynamic websites can have two types of dynamic activity: Code and
Content. Dynamic code is invisible or behind the scenes and dynamic content
is visible or fully displayed.
(1) Dynamic code
The first type is a web page with dynamic code. The code is constructed
dynamically on the fly using active programming language instead of plain,
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static HTML.
A website with dynamic code refers to its construction or how it is built,
and more specifically refers to the code used to create a single web page. A
dynamic web page is generated on the fly by piecing together certain blocks
of code, procedures or routines. A dynamically-generated web page would
call various bits of information from a database and put them together in a
pre-defined format to present the reader with a coherent page. It interacts
with users in a variety of ways including by reading cookies recognizing users'
previous history, session variables, server side variables etc., or by using
direct interaction (form elements, mouse overs, etc.). A site can display the
current state of a dialogue between users, monitor a changing situation, or
provide information in some way personalized to the requirements of the
individual user.
(2) Dynamic content
The second type is a website with dynamic content displayed in plain
view. Variable content is displayed dynamically on the fly based on certain
criteria, usually by retrieving content stored in a database.
A website with dynamic content refers to how its messages, text, images
and other information are displayed on the web page and more specifically
how its content changes at any given moment. The web page content varies
based on certain criteria, either pre-defined rules or variable user input. For
example, a website with a database of news articles can use a pre-defined
rule which tells it to display all news articles for today's date. This type of
dynamic website will automatically show the most current news articles on
any given date. Another example of dynamic content is when a retail website
with a database of media products allows a user to input a search request for
the keyword Beatles. In response, the content of the web page will
spontaneously change the way it looked before, and will then display a list of
Beatles products like CD's, DVD's and books.
5. Software systems
There is a wide range of software systems, such as Java Server Pages
(JSP), the PHP and Perl programming languages, Active Server Pages (ASP),
Yuma and ColdFusion (CFML) that are available to generate dynamic web
systems and dynamic sites. Sites may also include content that is retrieved
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本文更新与2021-01-07 10:30，由作者提供，不代表本网站立场，转载请注明出处：https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/499842.html