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英语A卷
总分：100分 时间：90分钟
一、 选择题（每题2分，共20分）
1. If newton lived today, he would be surprised by what ______ in science and technology.
A. had discovered B. had been discovered
C. has discovered D. has been discovered
2. If I ______ plan to do anything I wanted to ,I'd like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as
possible.
A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to
3. ——Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they ______ always late.
A. weren't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn't have been
4. --If the traffic hadn't been so heavy， I could have been back by 6 o'clock．
--What a pity! Tina __________ here to see you.
A．is B．was C．would be D．has been
5. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at
our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
6. Maybe if I ______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
7. ________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
8. Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam ________ at the age of six months old.
A. was D. is C. were B. be
9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ________ it with important points.
A. conclude D. hold C. avoid B. lead
10. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs
________
sharply.
D. will be increasing
B. has increased C. had increased A. was increasing
二、 完形填空（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分）
Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program. In my
application letter, I was
careful to 11 how much I wanted to see France; evidently, my excitement really came through in
my words. Once I
new and 13
12 that I was going, all I could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of
friends. While travelling was inspiring and meeting people was 14 , nothing about my term in
France was what I
15 .
The moment I arrived in Paris, I was 16 by a nice French couple who would become my host
parents. My entire
coordinator: there had been
afternoon, I had to
18 out of one family's house into another. The exchange coordinator told me I'd have a 19 this
time and asked
language, I asked
to my new
experience was joyous and exciting 17 I received some shocking news from my program
a death in my host parents' extended family. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That
whether I could share a bedroom with an English speaker. To avoid the temptation to 20 my native
not to be 21 with an English- speaking roommate. When I got to my new room, I 22 myself
roommate Paolo, a Brazilian the same age as I, whom I was surprised to find playing one of my
favorite CDS! In just a few
hours, we knew we'd be good friends for the rest of the 23 .
are always 25
town, and weekends
26 France we enjoyed together. I love how people 27 seem so different, but end up being so
28 . The most
respect all people, for
anyone who wants to
experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful 30 .
(369 words)
11. A. discuss B. express C. announce D. argue
D. denied B. knew C. warned 12. A. approved
D. interesting B. anxious C. universal 13. A. stubborn
B. upsetting C. exciting 14. A. boring D. promising
B. liked D. feared 15. A. expected C. doubted
B. witnessed 16. A. sponsored D. supported C. greeted
B. when C since D. while 17. A. until
18. A. move D. rush B. travel C. walk
19. A. housekeeper B. leader C. roommate D. colleague
B. appreciate D. master C. speak 20. A. learn
21. A. combined B. fitted D. placed C. involved
B. introduced 22. A. added C. devoted D. adapted
23. A. term C. month B. week D. vocation
B. suitcase C. stories D. dreams 24. A. presents
B. disturbed 25. A. surprised D. concerned C. embarrassed
I left France with many 24 , so when people asked me what my favorite part of the trip was, they
to hear me talk about my Brazilian friend Paolo and scores of weekdays in class, weeknights on the
valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasn't just to respect the French people 29 to
your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to
C. describing 26. A. analyzing B. exploring D. investigating
C. must 27. A. need B. shall D. can
D. distant B. independent C. similar 28. A. generous
D. so B. but 29. A. and C. or
B. friendships D. data 30. A. instructions C. facts
三、 阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）
A
31. According to the Code, visitors should act _______ .
A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasure
C. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation
32. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?
A. Take your own camping facilities.
B. Bury glass far away from rivers.
C. Follow the track for the sake of plants.
D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.
B
In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones
are part of a growing
mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste
stream is increasing
three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that
while the weight of
)
含量electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total
waste, the concentration (
of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring
minerals.
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and
the harmful metals
removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways
which allow many
poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more,
than the material
contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that
produced those metals, the
factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes produced in the
producing process are
harmful as well.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that he
production, distribution,
and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse
gas release.”
Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start — for instance, buying
reusable products and
recycling.
In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has
been put in place as an
incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell
their products, would
they reduce the packaging in the first place?
Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they
produce is usually based on
money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap
(气泡垫) that
encased your television?
From the governments' point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer
responsibility is to transfer
both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and
tax-payers back to the
producers.
33. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .
A. the weight of e-goods is rather small
B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of
C. natural minerals contain more precious metals
D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste
34. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .
A. from producers to governments B. from governments to producers
C. from individuals to distributors D. from distributors to governments
35. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The increase in e-waste. B. The creation of e-waste.
C. The seriousness of e-waste. D. The management of e-waste.
C
Suppose you become a leader in an organization. It's very likely that you'll want to have
volunteers to help with the
organization's activities. To do so, it should help to understand why people undertake volunteer work
and what keeps their
interest in the work.
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer. Researchers have identified several factors
that motivate
people to get involved. For example, people volunteer to express personal values related to
unselfishness, to expand their
range of experiences, and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these
needs, people may
not wish to participate. To select volunteers, you may need to understand the motivations of the
people you wish to
attract.
People also volunteer because they are required to do so. To increase levels of community
service, some schools have
launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately, these programs can shift people's wish of
participation from an
internal factor (e.g., I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor (e.g., I volunteer
because I'm
required to do so”). When that happens, people become less likely to volunteer in the future. People
must be sensitive to
this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.
Once people begin to volunteer, what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer
this question,
researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance,
one study followed
238 volunteers in Florida over a year. One of the most important factors that influenced their
satisfaction as volunteers
was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions. Although this result may
not surprise you, it
leads to important practical advice. The researchers note that attention should be given to raining
methods that would
prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the
problem they do
experience”.
Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the
degree to which
people view volunteer” as an important social role. It was assumed that those people for whom the
role of volunteer was
most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. Participants
indicated the degree
to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as Volunteering in Hospital is an
important part of
who I am.”Consistent with the researchers' expectations, they found a positive correlation (正相关)
between the strength
of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results, once again, lead
to concrete advice:
Once an individual begins volunteering, continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role
identity.... Items like
T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can help strengthen role
identity”.
36. People volunteer mainly out of ______ .
A. academic requirements B. social expectations
C. financial rewards D. internal needs
37. What can we learn from the Florida study?
A. Follow-up studies should last for one year. B. Volunteers should get mentally prepared.
C. Strategy training is a must in research. D. with concrete advice.
Volunteers are provided
38.
What is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work?
A. Individual differences in role identity. B. Publicly identifiable volunteer T-shirts.
C. Role identity as a volunteer. D. Practical advice from researchers.
39. What is the best title of the passage?
A. How to Get People to Volunteer B. How to Study Volunteer Behaviors
C. How to Keep Volunteers' Interest D. How to Organize Volunteer Activities
D
Freedom and Responsibility
Freedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic. We are facing today a strange new world
and we are all
wondering what we are going to do with it.
Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were
great civilizations,
splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very
powerful man ruling over
helpless masses.
In Greece, in Athens (雅典), a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses. And
Athenians willingly
obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if
free men live together.
They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very
painful unless one
chose to live alone in the Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what
he wanted. A man
was free if he was self-controlled. To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom. They were
saved from looking
at their lives as their own private affair. Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens, not
because it was forced on
him from the outside, but because the city was his pride and his safety. The essential belief of the first
free government in
the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the
state.
But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers. It cannot be discovered once for all. If
people do not prize
it, and work for it, it will go. Constant watch is its price. Athens changed. It was a change that took
place without being
noticed though it was of the extreme importance, a spiritual change which affected the whole state. It
had been the
Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city. That they could get material benefits from her never
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