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每周一测
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns
that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science
professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’ s necessary to translate
our morals into AI language.
For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn’ t want it to put the pet cat
in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a good
set of values,” said Russell.
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have
been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural
differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal
space, you wouldn’ t think that’ s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way
to set out human values as clear rules.
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior.
They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do
sufficient testing and they’ ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a
human when presented with an unusual situation.
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity
to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren’ t quite
sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in
moral, and how to create a set of ethical (种族的)rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots
could be good for humanity.
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1. What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A. It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.
B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.
C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.
D. It has become an inevitable(不可避免的) danger as technology gets more complicated.
2. How do robots learn human values?
A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.
B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.
C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.
D. By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.
3. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.
B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.
C. Set off its built-in alarm system at once.
D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.
4. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A. Determine what is moral and ethical.
B. Design some large-scale experiments.
C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.
D. Develop a more sophisticated program.
B
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a
moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your
longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of
the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics
of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic
(神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic(同情的) and
cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would
expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough
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resources to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no
impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more
self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to
new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people
who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding
psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be
as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’ s personality may also help
determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that
those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy
diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’ re adults, which may mean that
kids of depressed moms end up dying younger.
Personality isn’ t destiny(命运), and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change.
But both studies show that long life isn’ t just a matter of your physical health but of your
mental health.
5. The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is__ __.
see whether people’ s personality affects their life span
find out if one’ s lifestyle has any effect on their health
investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
examine all the factors contributing to longevity
6. What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A. They have a good understanding of evolution.
B. They are better at negotiating an agreement.
C. They generally appear more resourceful.
D. They are more likely to get over hardship.
7. What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A. Children’ s personality characteristics are invariably(总是) determined by their mothers.
B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner.
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C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’ .
D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’ s life spans.
8. What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A. Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’ s life span.
B. Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.
C. Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is.
D. Health is in large part related to one’ s lifestyle.
Ⅱ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When I was very young, we used to live in Florida. It’ s a place I will never 1 . These were
the happiest days of my life, and I loved driving down one of Florida’ s highways to feel the 2
whistle through my hair. One day, we went down a highway, but 3 nobody else appeared to be there.
Well, maybe not any humans, 4 an animal was there. It was laying in the center of the 5 , blood
red, and seemed to be 6 : it was hit by a car.
Quickly my mother 7 it into the parking space (this highway had those) while I 8 in
our car. 9 alive!
an empty bin in the 10 , and some water and blankets from the supermarket, so my mother 11
the bin with water, picked the turtle up, and put it in the water, then put the 12 over it.
We drove it home and I, eyes wide, watched the bloody turtle 13 in the bin. It was alive,
but its shell was 14 . We fed him with vegetables and kept him in a cool area.
My mom, a very talented lady with clay, made an artificial 15 for him, and we turned him over and
she wrote, 16 life. 17 , where
lots of annoying bugs were living. Together we 18 him into the water and he swam away quickly. 19
he did so, I could have sworn he 20 at us.
1. A. return
2. A. rain
B. forget
B. sunlight
B. nervously
B. but
C. remember
D. miss
C. snow
D. wind
D. carefully 3. A. strangely
4. A. or
C. exactly
C. for
C. road
C. fine
D. so
D. surface
D. awake
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5. A. street
6. A. dead
B. ground
B. alive
7. A. caught
8. A. hid
9. A. ever
10. A. back
B. held
C. knocked
C. drove
D. pulled
D. feared B. stayed
B. yet
C. still D. even
B. home
C. center
D. front
D. filled
D. water
11. A. washed
12. A. blanket
13. A. playing
B. cleaned
B. paper
C. covered
C. bin
B. sleeping C. floating D. struggling
D. torn off 14. A. squeezed out
15. A. box
B. upside down
C. taken apart
C. top
B. shell
D. toy
D. 16. A. difficult
successful
17. A. lake
18. A. threw
19. A. Since
B. real C. wonderful
B. forest
C. mountain
D. field
D. led B. forced
B. As
C. placed
C. If
D. Although
D. smiled 20. A. shouted B. stared C. pointed
Ⅲ. 七选五型阅读理解
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us lead a busy life. 1 We think, “If I reached my goal, then I would be happy”,
or “If I could get a better job, then I would enjoy life.” But why not enjoy life right now?
Firstly, take time to notice and appreciate the beauty in your own surroundings. 2 “There
is a great big world of wonder and beauty around us!” And as Brodersen explains, “Look for the
beauty of the sunrise and of a friend’ s smile that brightens your day. Open your eyes to see
the beauty you might not normally see. Doing so helps to cheer you up.”
Secondly, taking time to experience some simple pleasures also can bring joy to your heart
and ease your stress. Take me for example. 3 One universal simple pleasure is finding things
that make you laugh. Make time to laugh every day.
Thirdly, don’ t take your family and friends for granted. Rich, rewarding relationships add
greatly to the enjoyment of life. When you think of someone, why not call, e-mail or write them? 4
As Wayne Lawton explains, “Invest time in relationships. Remove the attitude, what’ s in it for me?
Happiness is found in putting other’ s interests, desires and concerns ahead of our own whenever possible.
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Selfishness is a dead-end street.” 5
A. A short e-mail or phone call can make a world of difference to someone.
B. Driven by the “urgent”, we forget to enjoy life.
C. In my spare time, I enjoy collecting stamps and reading novels.
D. So please treasure relationship.
E. Be aware of beauty in nature.
F. You don’ t need to travel far to find beauty.
G. I delight in simple things like my favorite tea drink, a bubble bath or family photos.
Ⅳ. 短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错
误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I’ m glad to hear that you were visiting FuJian for your holiday. I am writing to tell you
that something about Wu Yi Mountain. Locate in the northwest of FuJian Province, it is a wonderful
tourist attraction. The weather there is mild on summer. What’ s more importantly is that it
is famous as a holy tourist site. Not only can I appreciate the impressive scenery, but you can
also learn many about the culture of it. It also has a large number of fantastic Chinese building.
There is no doubt whether a trip to Wu Yi Mountain will be truly unforgettable experience. I wish
you a nice trip!
Ⅴ. 书面表达
假如你是李华，正在一所美国学校学习英文。你对学校的周末音乐俱乐部(Music Club at Weekend)很
感兴趣，决定申请加入。现给该俱乐部负责人写一封信，内容如下：
1. 表示有意加入；
2. 介绍音乐特长；
3. 说明性格优势；
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