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四大洋英文2006年考研英语真题及答案 (2)

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2021-01-07 17:28
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2021年1月7日发(作者:贾一平)
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2006年考研英语试题及答案
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__
homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly
_____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal
government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage,
and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of
Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.
_____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of
the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that
the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become
increasingly difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__
that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still
spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many
homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the
homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or
mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives
_____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve
only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless.
_____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in
Massachusetts,___19__it. “There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is
a package deal.”
1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore
2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain
3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward
4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep
5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not
6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that
8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
;.
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18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)
Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine
for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and
discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “launched by the 19th
–century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores
“anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a
public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces
for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be
altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration
Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at
unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent
of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants
arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.
Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and
intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the
fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten
years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in
English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of
immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language.
By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership
rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native- born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do
U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women
are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian- American women are married
to non-Asians.
Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of
superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear
that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the
nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big
enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s
turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social
environment.
;.
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21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
a role in the spread of popular culture.
intimate shops for common consumers.
ied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
its emergence to the culture of consumption.
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
resistant to homogenization.
a great influence on American culture.
hardly a threat to the common culture.
tute the majority of the population.
24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph
5?
A. To prove their popularity around the world.
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society
is
A. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William
Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions
of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the
townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look
at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their
revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards
and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that
Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his
share of noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus-
and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see
the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However,
the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the
playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they
spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and
restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly
to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally.
Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.
Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with
;.
.
Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so
forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company
needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.
Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll
do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have
stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the
young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the
plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all
over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns
and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20
seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the
box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange
happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species
survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted
to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers
such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are
changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.
Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living
biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in
that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the
biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is
reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some
long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is
that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using
satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher
proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present
and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the
early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals
would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been
available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after
they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks
around now.
Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which
future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an
idea current among marine biologists, that of the
people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean
because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That
;.
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matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be
cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its
original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.
C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm
means that
A. fishing technology has improved rapidly
B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss
D. the data collected so far are out of date.
34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that
A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time.
B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
ment efficiency
s level
-size limits
logical application.
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:
artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that
feel bad.
This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are
those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists
began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from
Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern
times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war,
disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite:
there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely
dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost
exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in
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