pute初中现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习

2021年1月7日发(作者：苗逢澍)
初中现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习[1]
一.现在完成时的构成:
现在完成时由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。has用
于第三人称单数,have用于其他各种人称.
二.现在完成时的用法:其用法主要有三种
I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成
的影响或结果。
这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。
1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和jus t，now，already，
yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明
现在灯关上了）
I've finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明
可以交作业或做别的了）
2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。
I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。 （说明过去某时丢的，现在我
还没找到这支笔）
She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是
老师）
II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到
现在，可能继续下去，也可 能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的
状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these
days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since
yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a
month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。
He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还
住在这儿）
They've known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。
（现在还在往来）
How long have you studied English？ 你学英语多久了？（现在
仍在学）
III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复
发生的动作或多次出现的状态。
常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。
I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两
次。
He has always said so.他总是这么说.
三.现在完成时的时间状语
I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在
强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间
状语连用。
a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般
用于否 定句和疑问句中。
如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业
了。
They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成
作业。
b. 用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从
未“等。
如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?
-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。
c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to
now, the past few years等。
例如：I have seen her before,but I can not remember where. 我以
前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。
He has been there three times the last few days. 近几天他
去过那里三次了。
d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this
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初中现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习[1]
morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。 The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始五分钟了。
How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已
那里多少次？ 三年了。
II短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, 四.几点注意事项
go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall,
I. have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：
join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必
have been(to)表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各
须将动词改为延续性动词。
人称；
现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换
have gone(to)表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，常用
如： fall asleep (ill) →be asleep (ill)
于第三人称，
get to know→ know begin,(start)→ be on
前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。
open →be open buy→ have
如： They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。
get up→ be up die→ be dead
He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。
go out→ be out come→ be in

close→be closed arrive→be here
练习
join→be in, be a +名词 finish( end )→be
一.用since和for填空
over
1.______two years 2.____two years ago
leave, move →be away, borrow →keep
3.___last month 4.______ 1999
go to school→be a student catch(a cold)→ have(a
5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock
cold)
7 4 hours 8._____an hour ago
begin to study→study come back→be
9.___we were children 10._____ lunch time
back
11.____ she left here
put on→wear 或be on
如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。
12. He has lived in Nanjing ___ the year before last. —About two months .
13. I’ve known him ______ we were children.
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14. Our teacher has studied Japanese ______ three years.
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
15. She has been away from the city ______ about ten years.
A. already
16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
3、—Do you know him well ?
二.单项选择。
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
1、—How long have you ____ here ?
A. were B. have been C. have become D.
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初中现在完成时及现在完成进行时讲解及练习[1]
have made
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing writing
written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
changed well d good changed better
d better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will study C. has studied D.
are studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D.
knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
see seen
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have
they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
do finished done finished
done have finished do finish
11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
gone B. went go D. has
been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D.
have been
students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D.
haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China
since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D.
How far, arrived
he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been
away
factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have
become
mustn't_____ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left
meeting _____ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
27. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
三.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
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