职责英文定语从句中关系副词的用法

2021年1月7日发(作者：郝执斋)
定语从句中关系副词的用法
关系副词，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。
定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从
句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。
其句法结构如下：
1.表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.
2.表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
3.表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的
限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)
例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)
上句也可以这样表示：That is the reason I did the job.
又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when”、“whe re”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地
点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句 中所作的成分，比较下面
的几组句子：

*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the beach.
*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao
Middle School.
**This is the hospital where my mother works.
**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday.
***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.
***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .
2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介
词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：
Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on
which=when)
This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)
Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday
party. (for which=why) < br>有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限
制性定语从句中，常使用“介 词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。
例如：
My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.
At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a
farmhouse.
3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导
非限制性定语从句。
例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall.
He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.
I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.
Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.
有时关系副词“when”、“wher e”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有
间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your
house and borrowed a diamond necklace?
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.
4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介
词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常
被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
This is my second time I have come to your country.
5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定
语从句中的特殊使用，如：
The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not
follow.