钱复定语从句中引导词的特殊用法

2021年1月7日发(作者：范如宽)

一

先行词指物的特殊情况：
一． 必须用that的情况：
1. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时，
eg. This is the first job that I have taken up.
This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.
2. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等 或是 all
little much 时，
eg. There is something that I want to tell you.
3. 先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/
both/ either/ neither 等修饰时，
eg. I have read all the books that you lent me.
4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时,
eg. This is the only method we can use.
5. 先行词又有人又有物时，
eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.
6. 主句以who 或which开头时，
eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?

二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况
1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如：
Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。
2，当关系词前有介词时。例如：
This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过
的地方。
3，在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另
一个宜用which。例如：
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was
newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。
4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如：
Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve
your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。
5、先行词为that时。例如：
The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。

三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况

1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如：
The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.
我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。