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uncommitted定语从句关系词的分类及特殊用法 宾语从句(最全)

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2021-01-07 23:51
tags:定语从句, 宾语从句, 英语

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2021年1月7日发(作者:戚惊萱)
定语从句中关系词的分类及特殊用法
关系词的分类:

关系词 行成分 例句 备注

主语
who 人 (宾
Do you know the man who is talking with
语)
your mother?
whom,
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am
which和
whom 人 宾语 working.
that在从
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
句中做宾
I like those books whose topics are about
语时,常
可以省
whose
人,

定语
history.
略,但介
关系代
The boy whose father works abroad is my
词提前时

desk mate.
A plane is a machine that can fly.
后面关系
that
人,主语
代词不能
物 宾语
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very
much.
省略,也
不可以用
which 物
主语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $$10.
that
宾语
The picture which was about the accident
was terrible.
He is such a person as is respected by all of as做宾语
as
人,主语
物 宾语
us. 一般不省
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 略
when
时时间 I will never forget the day when we met 可用on
间 状语 there. which
关系副地地点

where
点 状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in
which
why
原原因
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned
可用for
因 状语 down my offer. which

定语从句中关系词的特殊用法:
定语从句中只用WHO,不用that的情况
1. 先行词是one, ones或One who does not work hard will never succeed.
anyone时;先行词为those Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.
或被those修饰,指人时 She is the only one of the students who has been to the USA.
Those who learn not only from books but also through
practice will succeed.
2. 在there be句型中,先行There is a comrade outside who wants to see you.
词为人时
3. 当定语从句中又有定语从The student that won the first prize is the monitor who
句,且先行项都为人时 works hard.
4. 当指人的先行项被一些指There 's only one student in the school who I want to see.
物的名词修饰时 Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back
who is working in the fields?
5. 在非限制性定语从句中指I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from
人 America.
6. 定语从句中有插入语时, Jackson is a man who I believe is honest.
且先行项为人时


定语从句中只用THAT,不用which的情况
1. 当先行词是不定代词,如all, All THAT can be done has been done.
everything, anything, nothing, I didn't want this recorder; I want the one that was
much, few, little, none, the one等 borrowed yesterday.
2. 先行词(指物的)前面有only, few, There's no difficulty that we can't overcome.
one of, little, no, all, every, very等I've read all the books that can be borrowed here.
词修饰时 This is the very man that I want to see.
3. 先行词被序数词first, last, next等This is the first letter that I've written in English.
或形容词的最高级修饰时 She is the most careful girl that I've ever known.
4. 当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and places that they had
visited.
5. 当先行词是系动词be后面表语或Shanghai isn't the city that it used to be 60 years ago.
关系词本身是从句的表语时 He is no longer the man that he used to be.
6. 当主句是以who, which或what开Who is the man that is waiting at the school gate?
头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the car that ran over a dog yesterday?
What did you see that made you so angry?
7. 当主句以There be…结构开头时,There is a seat in the corner that is still free.
或关系代词在there be…结构中作There are two books on history that are for you.
实义主语,先行项为物 The 9.15 is the fastest train that there has ever been.
8. .当先行词是基数词时 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of
water. Now you can see the two that are still alive.

定语从句中只用Which不用That的情况
1. 当关系词前有介词时,指物常用The prize for which he worked so hard was a new b
which. ike.
2. 非限制性定语从句指物时,多用He wrote an article, which tells us
which. about the computer.
3. 如果先行词本身是that时,只用This is that which he bought yesterday.
which.
4. which可以引导从句修饰前面的整He succeeded in the competition, whichmade his pa
个主句,意思相当于and this… rents very happy.

宾语从句:
种类 关联词 例 句 说 明
陈述 I believe(that) he is honest. that在句中不担任任
意义 that We must never think(that) we 何成分,在口语或非
are good at everything while 正式的文体中常被省
others are good at nothing. 去,但如从句是并列
句时,第二个分句前
的that不可省。
疑问意 I wonder whether he will whether常与or not
义 if come or not. 连用,不能用if代替。

whether Everything depends on 作介词宾语要用

whether we have enough whether不能用if。

money. 从句是否定句时一般

I don’t know if(whether) it is
用if引导。
interesting.
He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine
day.
特殊疑who, whom, Please tell me what you want. 宾语从句作及物动词
问意义 which,whose,what, She always thinks of how she 宾语也可做介词的宾
when,where, why, can work well. 语。
how,whoever, She will give whoever needs
whaever, help a warm support.
whichever
种类 关联词 例 句 说 明
注1 We must make it clear that 如果宾语从句后面有
anyone who breaks the law will 宾语补足语,则用it
be punished. 作形式宾语,将从句
后置。
注2 We don’t think you are here. think,believe,suppose
I don’t believe he will do so.
等动词引出的宾语从
句要否定前置
定语从句中的特殊用法
定语从句是起定语作用的,修饰,说明名词,代词或句子内容的从句,被定语从句修饰的词叫做
先行词 。引导定语从句,并在句中担任成分的词叫做关系代词或关系副词。定语从句是高考
常考内容之一,使用 时要尤其注意以下十种特殊用法。
一、只用that不用which的情况
1、 当先行词是all, little, few, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代
词时。如: Everything that happened then was like a nightmare.当时发生的一切就像是一场
噩梦。
I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.我要把你在舞会上跟我说的话全都告诉他。
2、 当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, just, very(恰好的,表示强调)等词修饰时。例如:
The only thing that we could do was to wait.我们能做的只是等待。
That’s the very thing that we can do.那正是我们能做的事。
3、当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。例如:
The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.我们参观的第一个地方是长城。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我看过的最好的小说。
4、被修饰词为数词时。例如:
Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that ar
e still alive. 昨天我捉到了两条鱼,把它们放在一盆水里。 你可以看到那两条鱼还活着呢。
5、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that作关系代词修饰物。例句:
There’s still a room that is free.还有一个空房间。
6、先行词中同时包括人和物时。例如:
We talked about the people and the villages that we remembered.我们谈论了我们记得的人和
村子。
He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.他问起他去过的这几家工厂和
工人的情况。
7、当主句中有who, which时,而定语从句中也要用到who或which时,为了避免
who…who, which…which等重叠,定语从句要用that引导。例如:
Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门边的那个男人是谁?
Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? 你养的那两头奶牛中哪一个产奶

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