盖章英文英语中的定语从句(一)

2021年1月7日发(作者：缪瑞英)

英语中的定语从句（一）

一、 基本概念：定语从句是定语的一种形式 ，在句中对名词、代词或者句子起
定位、定性、修饰、描述、解释以及补充说明的作用。其本身具备句子 的基本
结构，但是要有引导词来引导并和主句联系起来，其中引导词在从句中还充当
一定的句子 成分，这由引导词本身的特性决定，分别可作主语、宾语、表语、
定语、状语等。
二、 引导词的分类
1、 关系代词：包括that、who、whom、whose、which、as等。
This is an event that shocks the world.
The terrible disease that killed many people in 2003 was SARS.
Do you know anything about the astronaut who/that has traveled in space in
Shenzhou IV spacecraft?
The professor whom you just spoke to teaches us chemistry.
This is the boy whose father is an astronaut.
The pen which you are looking for is just on the ground near your desk.
As we all know (As is known to all), the environment on the earth is getting
worse and worse.
2、 关系副词：包括when、where、why等。
That was a year when China caught the eyes of the whole world.
We know little about the spot where the special event took place.
Can you tell us the reason why you did that?
三、 引导词的特性和作用
1、 引导从句并把从句和主句连接起来。
2、 在从句中代替定语从句所修饰的先行词或句子。
3、 在从句中代替先行词充当一定句子成分——主语、宾语、表语、定语、
状语等。
四、 关系代词用法：
1、 that的用法：其引导的定语从句修饰的先行词可以是人或物，that 在从
句中代替先行词充当一 个句子成分——主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以
省略。只能引导限制性定语从句。
Last night I read a piece of news that made me excited.
You may ask for anything (that) you need to achieve the operation.
2、 who、whom、whose的用法：who和 whom代替的先行词必须是人，
在从句中分别作主 语和宾语，可以用that代替，作宾语时可以省略。whose
代替的所有者可以是人也可以是物，在 从句中作定语。三者可以引导限制
性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
The man who/that is making the speech is a professor from Tsinghua University.
I happen to know the doctor whom/who/that you want to see.
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The boy whose father is an astronaut is my classmate.
Can you show me the book whose cover is bright green?
3、 which 的用法：其引导的定语从句修饰 的先行词只能是物或一个句子，
在从句中分别作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。可以引导限制性定语从
句和非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中不可以省略。
Please hand me the book which is thicker.
The computer which I use was attacked yesterday.
He lost the game last time, which made him upset.
Last week I attended a discussion about whether students should be forbidden to
go to net bars, which may do harm to them.
4、 as的用法：其引导的定语从句修饰的先行词可以 是人或物，或者是一个
句子表达的事实，可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句。另外as 引导的定
语从句还与such, the same连用。as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。不可以
省略。
As anyone knows, computer is playing an important part in different fields.
As is known to all, net bars are having bad effects on our students.
Students like to read such books as the professor suggested.
I have the same opinion as you do.
5、 that 与 which 的不同用法：有些特殊情况下只能用that 或只能用
which ，这往往是由先行词决定的，下列情况下只用that ，不用which 。
（1） 当先行词是不定代词时，包括all, much, little, none, the one, one,
something, anything, everything, nothing。
This is all that we can offer.
Is there anything that I can do to help you?
Do everything that you can to achieve your goal.
This is really a good book, but it is not the one that I need.
（2） 当先行词由only, very, any, little, few, no, all, none等词修饰时。
This is the very information that I am looking for.
The only thing that can interest him is play computer games.
There is little important information that we need in this newspaper.
He had no money left that he could spend on even a piece of bread.
（3） 当先行词是形容词最高级或由形容词最高级修饰时。
Guilin is the most beautiful place that I have ever visited.
This movie is the most interesting that I have ever seen.
This is the best of its kind that we can offer.
（4） 当先行词是序数词或前面有序数词限定时。
The first English story that I read was The Adventure of Tom Sawyer.
This book is the last that I would like to read.
（5） 当先行词包含人和物时。
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