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使用定语从句的几个误区
有的英语初学者在使用定语从句时，有时会在从句中误 加与关系代词同义的人称代词，
这是不对的。如：
—This is the book that I have read __________ dozens of times.
—But I have never read __________.
A. it, × B. ×，it C. it, it D. ×，×
此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词 it, 这容易理解。而第一句不能填 it, 则
是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的 that I have read dozens of times 是修饰 the book 的
定语从句，此句中的动词read不能再接用 it作宾语，因为它已有宾语that(也可省略)。
在做有关定语从句的试题时，考生千 万不要在定语从句中重复使用与关系词(或先行词)
指代相同的人称代词。如：
我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。
误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful.
正：The film we saw last night was wonderful.
刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁?
误：Who’s the man you just talked to him?
正：Who’s the man you just talked to?
你昨天借给我的书很有趣。
误：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting.
正：The book you lent me yesterday was very interesting.
他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。
误：He is the man whosehis wife died last year.
正：He is the man whose wife died last year.
初学者在使用 定语从句时，有个经常犯的错误就是分不清是定语从句还是其他从句。请
看下面的题目：
—Is this room __________ he lived in last year?
—Is this the room __________ he lived in last year?
A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that
此题应选D。容易误选A。为了便于分析，我们先将以上两句还原成陈述句(注 意is的
位置)。如：
(1)This room is _________ he lived in last year.
(2)This is the room ________he lived in last year.
第(1)句填the one, 用作表语，其后的 (that) he lived in last year是用以修饰the one 的定
语从句。此句若直接填that, 则不是定语从句(因为没有先行词)，而是表语从句。
但是由于引导表语从句的that 不能充当句了成分，而其后的介词in又缺宾语，所以导
致错误。
第(2)句填 that, 它是关系代词，用以引导定语从句(he lived in last year)修饰the room。
请做以下类例试题。如：
(1)—Is this the book _________ you want to buy?
—Is this book _________ you want to buy?
A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that
(2)—Is this room ___________ he lived in 5 years ago?
—Is this the room __________ he lived in 5 years ago?
A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that
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答案：(1) C (2) D
有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其
实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则
用关系副词 ，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比
较：
This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词
where在从句中用作状语)
This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用
作visit的宾语)
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动
词，why在定语从句中用作状语)
The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动
词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)
1.误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人
whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：
It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，名字我忘了。
The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都
是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。
2.混淆定语从句与并列句
请看下面两题：
(1) He has two children, and both of _______ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
(2) He has two children, both of _______ are abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第 (1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列
句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A 不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom
are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下题(答案为A)：
He has two children, both of _______ being abroad.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
3.误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句
有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要 选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定
语从句。如：
(1) If a book is in English, _______ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(2) When I say two hours, _______ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
以上两题均 应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，
是因为句中已有 if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。
定语从 句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英
语中的定语从句仅限于限制性 定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一
个难点。如何对定语从句突出重点、突破难 点，是我们每个初中英语教师思考的问题，也是
要帮助学生要解决的问题之一。下面我对初中英语的定语 从句谈谈我的粗浅看法。
【关键词】定语从句 先行词 关系代词 关系副词
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