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specials英语语法-一般过去时态

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2021-01-08 00:32
tags:英语语法, 英语学习, 外语学习

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2021年1月8日发(作者:万俟咏)
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英语语法
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一般过去时态

一.
定义:
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用
二用法:
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词 组或
从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。
I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。
(2)一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。
时间标志:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago
(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里),
just now (刚才) , that day , this morning 等表示过去的时间状语。
如: I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。
I went to the park last week. (我是上周去的公园)
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。
三.句型结构
1. Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语 ,
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语
如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语
如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?

2.实意动词
肯定句:主语+ 动词过去式 + 宾语 … She swam in the river yesterday afternoon .
否定句:主语+didn’t + 动词原形 +宾语 … She didn’t swim in the river yesterday afternoon .
疑问句:Did +主语 +动词原形 + 宾语 … ? Did she swim in the river yesterday afternoon .
肯定回答: Yes , 主语 +did . Yes, she did .
否定句: No , 主语 +didn’t . No , she didn’t .
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+ did + 主语 +动词原形 + 宾语 …? -When did she swim in the river ?
-She swam in the river yesterday afternoon .
规则动词的变化规则:
①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look- looked。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live- lived。
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③以单辅音字母结尾,而 这个辅音前为单元音字母a、e、i、o、u的单音节动词之后,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-
ed。如:stop-stopped。
④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变y为i,然后再加-ed。如:study-studied。
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。 如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。 如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt,
smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
swim –swam , begin – began , ring – rang ,
B不规则动词 (1)
AAA型

2. cast - cast - cast
4. cut - cut - cut
6. let - let - let
8. shut - shut - shut
10. put - put - put
12. read - read - read
1. burst - burst - burst
3. cost - cost - cost
5. hit - hit - hit
7. spread - spread - spread
9. hurt - hurt - hurt
11. set - set - set
(2) AAB型 beat- beat - beaten
(3) ABA型 come - came - come
become - became - become run - ran - run
(4) ABB型
bring - brought - brought
build - built - built
catch - caught - caught
feel - felt - felt
find - found - found
get - got - got
hear - heard - heard
keep - kept - kept
lead - led - led
leave - left - left
make - made - made
meet - met - met
sell - sold - sold
buy – bought - bought
burn - burnt - burnt
dig - dug - dug
fight - fought - fought
feed - fed - fed
hang - hung - hung
hold - held - held
have / has – had - had
lay - laid - laid
lose - lost - lost
lend - lent - lent
mean - meant - meant
pay - paid - paid
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say - said - said
stand - stood - stood
sweep - swept - swept
teach - taught - taught
think - thought - thought
wind - wound - wound
ABC型
begin - began - begun
break - broke - broken
draw - drew - drawn
drink - drank - drunk
forgive - forgave - forgiven
freeze - froze - frozen
grow - grew - grown
go - went - gone
lie - lay - lain
rise - rose - risen
shake - shook - shaken
sink - sank - sunk
throw - threw - thrown
take - took - taken
see - saw - seen
一.写出下列单词的过去式:
shoot - shot - shot
sit - sat - sat
shine - shone - shone
sleep - slept - slept
tell - told - told
win - won - won
blow - blew - blown
choose - chose - chosen
drive - drove - driven
eat - ate - eaten
fly - flew - flown
forget - forgot - forgotten
give - gave - given
know - knew - known
ride - rode - ridden
ring - rang - rung
sing - sang - sung
swim - swam - swum
write - wrote - written
wear - wore - worn
be - was/were - been
/ does _______ 2 have / has _________ / is ________ ________
_______________ _______________ ___________ ________
____________ ____________ ________ ________
____________ ____________ ___________ _______
____________ _____________ ___________ _________
___________ ____________ _________ _________
___________ _____________ _________ ________
__________ ___________ ________
二、请用正确动词形式填空。
1. I _______ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2.- _______ she ______ (practice) her guitar yesterday? -No, she _________.
3. -What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evenings?
-He ________(watch) TV and _______(read) interesting books .
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She ______(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ______(stay) at home and ____ (do) some
cleaning.
6.- When ________ you _________(write) this song?
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-I __________(write) it last year.
7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.
8. -________ Mr. Li ________(do) the project on Monday morning? -Yes, he _________.
9.- How _________(be) Jim's weekend? -It _________(be not) bad.
10. -________ (be) your mother a shop assistant last year? -No. she __________.
11. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
12. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So he ______ (get ) up
late.
13. Mary __________English yesterday morning. She often ________ in the morning . Listen ,
she _________ in the next room . (read)
14. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
15. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.
16. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
17. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.
18. Last week we _________ (plant) many apple trees on the farm.
19. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.
20. She _______(watch) TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night.
21.________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?
22.-What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?
-We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.
23. What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
24. Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.
25. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)
26. There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)
27. There ______( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡) in 1940.
28. There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?
29. Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move)
30. –When _______ you _________ (come) to china? Last year.
31. Did she ________ (have) supper at home?
32. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.
33. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?
34. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?
35. It ______(be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.
36. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no
time to watch it.
三、句型转换
read an English book last week.
否定句:__________________________________________
一般疑问句:________________________________________
肯定回答:______________ 否定回答:__________________
对划线部分提问:____________________________________
用every day 改写____________________________________
2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会)
was only one problem .
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4. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.
否定句:__________________________________________
一般疑问句:________________________________________
肯定回答:______________ 否定回答:__________________
对划线部分提问:____________________________________
用at the monent 改写 :____________________________________
5. The children had a good time in the park.
7. She had some bread for lunch today.
8. They read English last night.
四 .改错题
1.How is Jane yesterday? 2.He go to school by bus last week.
3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. 4.I can fly kites seven years ago.
5.Did you saw him just now. wasn’t watch TV last night.
7.I didn’t my homework yesterday. wait for you three hours ago.
9. Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
五. 翻译下列句子
1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
_________ _________a __________ __________ exciting weekend.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。
Jenny likes ______ _______. She _______ a book ______ ________ last night.
3. Emma每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。他为数学考试作准备了。
Emma __________ the guitar every day. But he _________ ___________ yesterday. He
_________ _________ the math test.
4. 上周六他们做什么了?他们做作业和购物了。
What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?
They _________ __________ homework and _________ ________ __________.
5. 今天早上方方得做饭,因为他父亲不在家。
This morning Fangfang _______ _______ _______ _______ because his father _______
________ ________ yesterday.
6. 你还有什么要说的?
What _______ would you like _______ _______?
7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。
Don’t forget _______ ________ ________ ________ the teacher.
8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视?
Why _______ you _______ TV last night?
9. 他在打扫教室的时候,发现地上有块表。
When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.
10. 他什么时候出生的?1980年。
---When _______ he _______? ---_______ 1980.
六. 完形填空。
Peter didn’t like to use his head. He never put his 1 into his studies when he was at
school. So he couldn’t pass the exam (考试)and he hardly(几乎不) finished(完成) middle
school. Later he found work in an office, 2 he was not able(可能) to do his job. He had

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