acrobatics新剑桥商务英语单词总结

2021年1月8日发(作者：包崇金)
1. autonomous: independent, able to take decisions without consulting a higher
authority
2. decentralization: dividing an organization into decision-making units that are
not centrally controlled.
3. function: a specific activity in a company, . production, marketing, finance
4. hierarchy: system of authority with different levels, one above the other.
5. line authority: the power to give instructions to people at the level below in
the chain of command
6. report to: to be responsible to someone and to take instructions from him or
her
7. subordinates: people working under someone else in a hierarch
8. industrial belt: an area with lots of industrial companies, around the edge of
a city
9. wealth: the products of economic activity
10. productivity: the amount of output produced (in a certain period, using a
certain number of inputs
11. corporate ethos: a company’s ways of working and thinking
12. collaboration: working together and sharing ideas
13. insulated or isolated: alone, placed in a position away from others
14. fragmentation: breaking something up into pieces
15. motivate :To inspire, to induce, to give a reason or incentive to someone to
do something.
16. employee: A person employed by someone else, working for money.
17. labor relations: Relations between employers and employees, managers and workers,
management and unions.
18. responsibility: Having control of something as part of your job
19. wages: Money paid (per hour or day or week) to manual workers
20. salary: A fixed regular payment made by employers, usually, for professional
or office work.
21. benefits or perks: Advantages that come with a job, apart from wages or salary.
22. promotion: To be raised to a higher rank or better job.
security: Knowing that there is little risk of losing one’s job.
24. skilled: Having particular abilities, acquired by training.
25. subcontractor : Any company that provides goods or services for another one
26. component : Any of the pieces or parts that make up a product, machine, etc.
or contracting out : Buying products or processed materials from other companies
rather than manufacturing them
28. capacity : The (maximum) rate of output that can be achieved from a production
process
29. plant : The buildings, machines, equipment and other facilities used in the
production process
30. location : The geographical situation of a factory or other facility:
31. inventory : The stock of any item or resource used in an organization (including
raw materials, parts, supplies, work in process and finished products)
32. lead time : The time needed to perform an activity . to manufacture or deliver
something)
channel: all the companies or individuals involved in moving a particular kind of
goods or service from the producer to the consumer.
launch a product: to introduce a new product onto the market.
opportunities: possibilities of filling unsatisfied needs in sectors in which a
company can profitably produce goods or services
research: collecting, analyzing and reporting data relevant to a specific marketing
situation (such as a proposed new product)
segmentation: dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different
requirements or buying habits
: wrappers and containers in which products are sold
of sale: places where goods are sold to the public – shops, stores, kiosks, market
stalls, etc.
concept: an idea for a new product, which is tested with target consumers before
the actual product is developed
features: attributes or characteristics of a product: quality, price, reliability,
etc.
representative: someone who contacts existing and potential customers, and tries
to persuade them to buy goods or services
advertising: free advertising, when satisfied customers recommend products to
their friends.
or prestige advertising: advertising that mentions a company’s name but not
specific products.
agencies: companies that handle advertising for clients.
account: a contract with a company to produce its advertising.
advertising budget: the amount of money a company plans to spend in developing its
advertising and buying media time or space.
brief: the statement of objectives of an advertising campaign that a client works
out with an advertising agency.
campaign: the advertising of a particular product or service during a particular
period of time.
customers or target market: a defined set of customers whose needs a company plans
to satisfy.
planners: the people who choose where to advertise, in order to reach the right
customers.
threshold effect: the fact that a certain amount of advertising is necessary to
attract a prospective customer’s attention.
comparative-parity method: choosing to spend the same amount on advertising as
one’s competitors.
advertising: advertising during periods or seasons when sales are normally
relatively poor.
: writing down the details of transactions (debits and credits)
: keeping financial records, recording income and expenditure, valuing assets and
liabilities, and so on
accounting: preparing budgets and other financial reports necessary for management
accounting: working out the unit costs of products, including materials, labor and
all other expenses
accounting: calculating an individual’s or a company’s liability for tax
: inspection and evaluation of accounts by a second set of accountants
61.‘Creative accounting’: using all available accounting procedures and tricks
to disguise the true financial position of a company
62. shareholders or stockholders : A company’s owners
63. earnings or income : The revenues received by a company during a given period,
minus the cost of sales, operating expenses, and taxes
64. liabilities : All the money that a company will have to pay to someone else in
the future, including taxes, debts, and interest and mortgage payments
65. turnover : The amount of business done by a company over a year
66. assets : Anything owned by a business (cash investments, buildings, machines,
and so on) that can be used to produce goods or pay liabilities
67. depreciation or amortization : The reduction in value of a fixed asset during
the years it is in use (charged against profits)
68. debtors or accounts receivable : Sums of money owed by customers for goods or
services purchased on credit
69. creditors or accounts payable :Sums of money owed to suppliers for purchases
made on credit
70. stock or inventory : (The value of ) raw materials, work in progress, and finished
products stored ready for sale
71. overheads or overhead : The various expenses of operating a business that cannot
be charged to any one product, process or department
: an arrangement by which a customer can withdraw more from a bank account than has
been deposited in it, up to an agreed limit; interest on the debt is calculated daily.
card: a card which guarantees payment for goods and services purchased by the
cardholder, who pays back the bank or finance company at a later date.
dispenser or ATM: a computerized machine that allows bank customers to withdraw
money, check their balance, and so on
: a fixed sum of money on which interest is paid, lent for a fixed period, and usually
for a specific purpose
order or direct debit: an instruction to a bank to pay fixed sums of money to certain
people or organizations at stated times.
: a loan, usually to buy property, which serves as a security for the loan
card: a plastic card issued to bank customers for use in cash dispensers
banking: doing banking transactions by telephone or from one’s own personal
computer
or checking account: one that generally pays little or no interest, but allows the
holder to withdraw his or her cash without any restrictions
or time or notice account: one that pays interest, but usually cannot be used for
paying cheques (GB) or checks (US), and on which notice is often required to withdraw
money
: to place money in a bank; or money placed in a bank
currencies: the money used in countries other than one’s own
: how much money a loan pays, expressed as a percentage
: available cash, and how easily other assets can be turned into cash
: the date when a loan becomes repayable
: to guarantee to buy all the new shares that a company issues, if they cannot be
sold to the public
: when a company buys or acquires another
: when a company combines with another one
: buying and selling stocks or shares for clients
management: taking care of all a client’s investments
: the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions
: a group of companies, operating in different fields, that have joined together
chip: a company considered to be without risk
: ability to pay liabilities when they become due
: anything that acts as a security or a guarantee for a loan
: having a responsibility or an obligation to do something, . to pay a debt