quitting商务英语专业四级考试术语解释经典.docx

2021年1月8日发(作者：屈培壅)
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商务英语专业四级考试术语解释
1. global company : 跨国公司
--a company that integrates its international biz activities
--

A multinational corporation or multinational enterprise is an organization, that
owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other
than the home country. （维基百科）

2. joint venture : 合资企业
--a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz
activities.

--

a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested,
with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典）

3. merger & acquisition : 并购
--combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets
of the other.
--

transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or
their operating units are transferred or combined.

4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道
--all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and
services from producer to consumer.

5. listed company : 上市公司
--a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange.
--

A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed
company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among
the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock
exchange or in over the counter markets
场外交易市场
. （维基百科）

6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地
--a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different
products.

7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别
--a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local
consumers.

8. specialty shop : 专卖店
--an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products.

9. household name 家喻户晓的名字
-- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place.
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10. loss-maker : 亏损企业
--a biz that continually makes no profit.

11. home country : 祖国，母国
--the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based.

12. quota : 配额，定额，限额
--a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country
impose.

13. market economy : 市场经济
--an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices,
and investments.

14. new economy : 新经济

--
a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized
by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing.
-- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is
therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典）

15.
labor force : 劳动力
--all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be
employed in the future.

16. bubble economy :
--an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other
transient短暂的 operation.

17.

venture capital : 风险资本
--funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss.
--

Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure,
but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典）

18. biz cycle : 商业周期
--A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages--- boom繁荣,
recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏.

19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场
--a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares.
-- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares.
-- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典）

20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期
--a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four
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stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰
退期.


21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金
--the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz.
--

the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典）

22. liquidity 流动资产
--available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand.
-- In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily
available. 资产折现力

23. exchange rate 汇率
--the amount of one currency that can be bought with another.
--

the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。

24. multinational company 跨国公司
--a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to
obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce.

25. money market 货币市场，金融市场
--the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to
borrowers and entrepreneurs.
-- A country's money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that
deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯词典）
-- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially
foreign money, for profit. （朗文词典）

26. collateral担保物，抵押品
--property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品 for a loan or other
obligation. 被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产
--

property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back
the money they lend you. （朗文词典）

27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数
--an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of
30 leading industrial companies.

28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票
--a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of
steady earnings.

29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克
--national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自
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动报价系统协会

--

The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest
exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock
Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city. （维基百科）

30. (insurance) policy 保险单
--the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to
the policy holder投保人 by company

31. public relations 公共关系，公关
--PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the
people outside it.

32. depression : 萧条，不景气
--a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by
decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景
气的 一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。

33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字
--imports minus exports of goods and services.

34. Speculation投机
--engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit

35. Value added tax 增值税
--an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental 增值
的increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw
material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的 间接税，它反映了商品
从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。

36. Fair trade 公平贸易
--trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement

37. Subsidy 补贴
--a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a
good or product.
--

financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters.

38. Rebate 减税，折扣
--a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in
payment.

39. tax exemption免税
--the freedom for having to pay tax
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40. FDI外国直接投资
--the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or
more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The
investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise.

41. free trade 自由贸易
--trade between nations without protective customs tariff.

42. tariff 关税
--duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods.

43. globalization 全球化
--the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that
attracted special attention in the late 1990s.

44. anti-dumping duty反倾销税
--tariff levied on dumped imports.

45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒
--any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or
certification.

46. import substitution 进口替代
--a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made
goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the
development of domestic industry.

47. arbitration 仲裁
--the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the
judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or
statutory provision（指定条款）

48. balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写 B.S.
--a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a
particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说
明。

49. return 收益
--a profit or yield, as from labor or investment.

50. cash flow现金流
--The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period,
reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of
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