加快基础医学英语口语1

2021年1月8日发(作者：翟文瑞)
首先我花几分钟介绍一下这门课程的相关基本情况。总所周知，公共英语是专业英语的基础，
要 想学好专业英语，必须要求一个牢固扎实的公共英语底子，医学英语由于其词汇难，涉及
方面多，涵盖内 容广，在众多专业英语中属于较难的一个方面。这就对基础公共英语有更高
的要求。所以我们授课对象是 具有一定英语水平的医务工作者、医护人员以及医学院校的在
校学生。
我们课程的设置 目标是提高医学英语的听说能力，重点是解决大家听不懂、不会说、念
不准的问题。现在随着我国综合国 力的提升，与国外联系日益密切，每年有大量的国外游客、
访问学者来华旅游访问，国内的一些医院经常 会接诊外国病人。另外，国内的医护人员也有
大量机会外出学习、进修，甚至参加一些联合国的援外项目 ，这就要求我们的医护人员要具
备很强的英语听说能力。但目前国内的医学英语听说教程还很有限，要想 选择好的、适用的，
并适合自己的教程更是难上加难。所以我们这门课程就是帮助大家解决这一困难，跨 越障碍，
从而达到事半功倍的效果。
本课程分为20讲，共讲述20种最常见的疾病。每 一单元包括对疾病的introduction（介
绍）、symptoms and causes（症状与病因）、diagnosis（诊断）、prevention and treatment（预防
与治疗）、summary（小结）、quiz（测验）、key words（核心词汇）等内容。
最后，关于如何记忆医学词汇。医学词汇记忆的重点是构词法。 例如，face在公共英语
中是“脸”，其派生词有preface，根据构词法我们知道pre-是“ 在……之前”，所以preface就
是“序言”的意思。又如surface,sur-表示“外周， 外表”，所以surface就是“表面”。我们在课程
中将会详细讲解部分医学词汇的构成。
Sleep Disorders
睡眠紊乱

Introduction
介绍
Sleep disorders are very common conditions that can be overcome.
Disorder：[dis5C:dE]n.紊乱。dis- 表示“否定，非”之意，order表示“顺序，秩序”，所以
结合起来就是“紊乱”；
Condition：这里用于表示“疾病”；
Overcome：用作过去分词，与原形词形相同，表示“克服”。

It is important to understand what affects sleep and the importance of sleep.
Affect：影响

While we sleep, our bodies are inactive but our brains stay very active. Sleep affects daily
functioning and physical and mental health in many ways that researchers are just beginning to
understand.
Inactive：不活跃的。In- 表示“否，非”的含义；active表示“活跃的”。
Physical：表示“身体上的”，其反义词为mental，“精神上的”。

People usually cycle through 5 phases of sleep:
1 - Drowsiness
2 - Light Sleep
3 - Deep Sleep
4 –Slow-wave Deep Sleep
eye movement, or REM
Drowsiness：[5dra uzinis]n.困倦，困乏，昏昏欲睡。Drowsy是形容词，表示“困倦的，
困乏的”，-ne ss是名词后缀，置于形容词后；
Light Sleep：浅睡眠；
Deep Sleep：深睡眠；
Slow-wave Deep Sleep：慢波睡眠。
We spend almost 50% of our total sleep time in stage 2 sleep, about 20% in REM sleep, and
the remaining 30% in the other stages. Infants, however, spend nearly 1/2 of their sleep time in
REM sleep.
Remaining：余下的，剩下的，其余的；
Infants：[5infEnt]n.婴儿。

During stage 1, or light sleep, we drift in and out of sleep and can be awakened easily. Our
eyes move very slowly and muscle activity slows. Muscle contractions called hypnic myoclonia
are often preceded by a sensation of starting to fall. In stage 2 sleep, eye movement stops and
brain waves slow.
Drift：漂流，漂移；
Contraction：[kEn5trAkFEn]n.收缩；
Hypnic：[`hIpnIk]adj.催眠的, 使瞌睡的；
Myoclonia：[7maiEu5klEuniE]n.肌阵挛。my-或myo-表示“肌肉”之义；c lonia取自clonic，
表示“阵挛的”，-a用在医学英语中表示“症状，病症”之意；
Sensation：[sen5seiFEn]n.感觉，源于sense，“感觉，感官”；
brain wave：脑电波。

In stage 3 and 4, extremely slow brain waves appear. It is very difficult to wake someone
during stages 3 and 4, which together are called deep sleep. There is no eye movement or muscle
activity.
Extremely：极端的。

People awakened during deep sleep do not adjust immediately and often feel groggy and
disoriented for several minutes after they wake up. Some children experience bedwetting, night
terrors, or sleepwalking during deep sleep.
Adjust：调整以适应；
Groggy：摇摇晃晃的，头昏眼花的，东倒西歪的；
Disoriented：[dis5C:rientId]adj.分不清方向的；构词法同disorder 。Orient做及物动词，
表示“确定方向”，disorient构成其反义词，表示“摸不清方向 ，使……迷失方向”，-ed是一个
形容词后缀，往往用在动词或名词后；
Bedwet ting：尿床。Bed表示“床”，wet表示“打湿，弄湿”，结合起来就是“尿床”；-ing
用 在动词后，构成动名词，即“……的事件或情况”；
Sleepwalking：梦游。Slee p表示“睡眠”，walk表示“行走”；-ing用在动词后，构成动名
词，即“……的事件或情况” 。

During REM sleep, our breathing becomes more rapid, irregular, and shallow. Our eyes jerk
rapidly in various directions, and our limb muscles become temporarily paralyzed. Our heart rate
increases, our bold pressure rises, and males develop penile erections. When people wake up
during REM sleep, they often describe bizarre and illogical dreams.
Irregular：不规则的。ir-表示“不, 非”；regular表示“规则的”；
Jerk：抽动；
Limb：肢体，四肢；
Paralyze：[5pArElaIz]vt.使瘫痪, 使麻痹。paralytic[7pArE5li tik]adj.瘫痪的n.瘫痪病人；
paralysis[pE5rAlisis]n.瘫痪, 麻痹；
Penile：[`pi:naIl]adj.阴茎的；
Erection：[i5rekFEn]n.勃起；
Bizarre：[bi5zB:]adj.奇异的。

A complete sleep cycle takes between 90-110 minutes. The first sleep cycles of the night
contain short REM periods and long periods of deep sleep. As the night progresses, REM sleep
increases in length while deep sleep decreases. By morning, nearly all sleep time is in stages 1, 2,
and REM.
Progresses：延续，持续。

If REM sleep is disturbed, our bodies do not follow the normal sleep cycle the next time we
doze off. Instead, we often slip directly into REM sleep and go through long periods of REM until
we “catch up” on this stage of sleep.
doze off：打盹。例句：I've dozed off for about an hour.我大概小睡了一个小时。Doze也
可以做名词，表示“打瞌睡”；
go through：经历；
catch up：弥补。

The amount of sleep each person needs depends on many factors, including age. Babies
generally need about 16 hours a day, while teenagers need about 9 hours a day.
Teenager：青少年。

For most adults, 7-8 hours a night appears to be the best amount of sleep, although some
people may only need 5 hours or as many as 10 hours each day.

A person needs more sleep if he or she has not gotten enough sleep in previous days. Lack of
sleep creates a “sleep debt” which is much like being overdrawn at a bank. Eventually, your body
will demand that the debt be repaid!
Previous：以前；
Overdraw：透支。Over- 表示“超过”；draw表示“取出，支取”，所以去银行取钱就可以
用该词；
Eventually：最终，最后。

People do not successfully adapt to sleeping less than necessary. Although people can get
used to a sleep-deprived schedule, their judgment, reaction time, and other functions will be
impaired.
adapt to：适应，习惯；
deprive：剥夺。