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英语音标基础学习及练
习
文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
英语音标学习
认识几个定义：
1、音素 英语语音中最小的发音单位。
2、元音 发音时气流在通路上不受发音器官的阻碍。
3、辅音 发音时气流在通路上受到发音器官的阻碍。
4、音节 说话时最小的语音片段。
一个可以为单个元音（如I/a?/），或者一个元音加上一个或多个辅音（如tree
/tri:/）。
单词可以根据音节数量分为：单音节词，双音节词和多音节词。
5、开音节 以读音为元音的字母结尾的音节，即辅音+元音（如me, he等）；或以不
发音字母e结尾（如name, come等）。
6、闭音节 以一个或几个辅音字母结尾且中间只有一个元音，即元音+辅音（如it,
pen, pick等）。
7、重读 在双音节或多音节单词中，有个音节必须读得特别强而重，而其 它音节读得
相对弱而轻，这种现象就叫单词重读。用符号“’”表示。
8、清音和浊音（辅音） 发音时声带不振动叫清辅音；声带振动叫浊辅音。
音标基础学习
一、英语共有48个音素，元音20个，辅音28个
元音
1. 长短：/i:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /?:/ /?/ /U:/ /?/
2. 大小：/e/ /?/ /ɑ:/ /?/
3. I组：/e?/ /a?/ /??/
4. U组：/??/ /a?/
5. ?组：/??/ /e?/ /??/
清辅音 /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /?/ /t?/ /tr/ /ts/ /h/ ?
浊辅音 /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /e/ /z/?/?/ /d?/ /dr/?/dz/ /r/ /m//n/ /?/?/?/ /w/ /j/
注：s与辅音元音里的爆破音结合时，通常是清辅音被浊化, /p/ /t/ /k/ 它们浊化
后，分别发成: /b/ /d/ /g/
二．26个字母在单词中的具体发音
a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
e
/ei/ name able cake table take date
/?/ apple cat map am match matter sad and angry
/ɑ: / dance last pass plant
/?/ want what watch wash
/?/ a arrive along alike aloud
1.
2.
/i:/ he she me evening meter
/e/ elephant egg bed pen best get empty February next
then send
3.
i
/i/ enjoy English eleven because forest
1.
2.
/ai / fine bike five ice climber hiking kind
/i/ is sit miss pig picture interesting ill dinner him
listen
pick river
o
1.
2.
3.
/?u / old home nose coke tomato tofu over hold piano
/?/ dog not clock box robot on from forest often stop
/?/ son month mother love young
4.
u
/u:/ who do whose
1.
2.
3.
/ju: / use usually excuse menu
/?/bus us sun duck uncle up trunk funny must
/ u / put pull helpful
b /b/ book big bag box
c
1.
2.
/k/ clean climb cup clock cook collect curtain clothes
/s/ face nice pencil city cinema
d /d/ desk doll dog dad day don’t dish does deep
f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan fall fight favourite fruit funny
g
1.
2.
/ɡ/ gun glass glad go get
/d? / age orange village
h /h/ hat her house honey happy have heavier hurt hobby hospital
j / d?/ jeep jacket jump Jan. July June
k /k/ kite cake thank kangaroo speak take walk work lake like
l
1.
2.
/l/ leg left ruler flag lamp longer relax play
/l/ apple bowl tell old tail whale
m /m/ am map my mouth milk
n
1.
/n/ no know new hand
2.
/?/ thank think thing uncle swing
p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple plant play potato please policeman
q /kw/ quite quilt quick
r /r/ red radio brother rain read run rabbit write mirror library
s
1.
2.
/s/ sit miss this salty books spring swim sleep sometimes grass
/z/ nose those rose rulers season
t /t/ it sit not that table little tired take left fruit but plant
v /v/ five very seven village live
w /w/ we window watch want wait water Wednesday winter with
x /ks/ box six fox relax
y
1.
2.
3.
/ai /my fly why bye
/ j / yes yellow young yesterday
/ i /happy baby very windy snowy study
z / z / zoo zero
三、常见字母组合
（一）元音组合
ai?? /ei/??wait??paint train
ay /ei/ may play day say
air /ε? / air hair chair
al /?:/ tall small ball
ar /α: / farther farm car arm
ea ①/i:/ meat please tea read ?②/e/ head bread ready ??③/i?/??theater
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