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alphabetically英语高考必考的12种时态 用法及实例最全汇总

作者:高考题库网
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2021-01-08 14:50
tags:英语高考, 时态, 高三英语

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2021年1月8日发(作者:纪僧猛)

英语高考必考的12种时态 用法及实例
最全汇总
一、一般现在时
一般现在时表现在
1. 表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作。如:
My sister wears glasses.
我妹妹戴眼镜。
He often goes to the cinema.
他经常去看电影。
【注】询问某人的习惯时,有时还可用ever。如:
“Do you ever eat meat?”
“No, I never eat meat.”
“你吃肉吗?”“从不吃肉。”
2. 表示现在(或经常性)的情况或状态。如:
Mother is ill.
母亲病了。
He is always like that.
他总是那样。



He likes living in the country.
他喜欢住在乡下。
We need a lot of money.
我们需要一大笔钱。
3. 表示现在的能力、特征、职业等。如:
He sings well.
他唱歌唱得好。
Mr. Smith teaches French.
史密斯先生教法语。
4. 表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客
观存在。如:
Summer follows spring.
春去夏来。
Knowledge is power.
知识就是力量。
The earth turns around the sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时表将来
1. 当主句为将来时态或表示将来意义时,时间和条件的状
语从句必须用一般现在时表将来。如:


I’ll write to her when I have time.
我有空会给她写信。
Turn off the lights before you leave.
走前关灯。
If we hurry, we may catch the bus.
如果赶紧走我们可能赶得上公共汽车。
Tell me in case you get into difficulty.
遇到困难请告诉我。
【注】① 除表示时间和条件的状语从句外,表示让步、相
似、比例的从句也必须用一般现在时表示将来。如:
I’ll follow him wherever he goes.
他去哪儿,我就跟着去哪儿。
Whatever you say, I won’t pay.
无论你说什么,我都不会付钱。
Whether we help him or not, he will fail.
无论我们帮他与否,他都会失败。
I’ll have a good time whether I win or lose.
赢也好,输也好,我都将会玩好。
The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
你吃得越多就会越胖。


② 另外,当主句为用将来时态时,定语从句也通常用一般
现在时表将来。如:
I’ll give you anything you ask for.
你要什么我都给你。
You can have anything I find.
我找到的任何东西你都可以拿去。
Everyone who comes first will get a present.
每个先来的人都可得到一份礼物。
2. 按照 英语习惯,一个句子中若主要动词已经表明了所谈
论动作的时间,那么与之相关的其他动词就不必再次指 明同
一时间,而往往使用一个比较简单的时态,如用一般现在时
表示一般将来时等。比较。如:
This discovery means that we will spend less on food.
这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。
This discovery will mean that we spend less on food.
这一发现意味着我们将减少在食品上的花费。
3. 在make sure(弄清楚),make certain(弄清楚),take
care(注意,当心),be careful(注意,当心),mind(注意),
wat ch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示
将来意义。如:


Take care that it does not occur again.
注意别再发生这样的事。
We must take care that no one sees us.
我们必须注意别让人看见我们。
Make sure you come back soon.
你要保证快点回来。
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings.
当心别伤了她的感情。
Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater.
注意别让宝宝接近加热器。
Mind you read the examination questions carefully
before you begin to answer them.
在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。
【注】在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind
等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在
表示将来意义。如:
It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday.
我们去哪儿度假都行。
Does it matter who goes first?
谁先去这有关系吗?
I don’t care whether we win or lose.


我不在乎我们是赢还是输。
Don’t you care what happens to them?
难道你不关心他们出什么事了?
4. 在I hope , I bet, see (to it) 等后的宾语从句中通
常用一般现在时表示将来意义,但有时也可直接用将来时态。
如:
I hope that you like [will like] it.
你希望你会喜欢它。
I bet it rains [will rain] tomorrow.
我打赌明天会下雨。
See (to it) that children don’t catch cold.
当心别让孩子感冒。
I’ll see that nobody disturbs [will disturb] you.
我将确保没人打扰你。
【注】see (to it) 后的that从句通常用一般现在时表将
来,直接用将来的情形较少见。
5. 在as, than 引出的比较状语从句中可用一般现在时表示
将来,也可直接用将来时态。如:
We’ll get there as soon as you do [will].
你一到,我们就到。


We’ll probably drive faster than you do [will].
我们开车很可能比你快。
6. 表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。如:
Are you on duty next weekend?
下周末你上班吗?
The train leaves at 12:00.
火车12点开出。
Where do we go now?
我们现在到哪里去?
【注】用于此用法时,句中通常有具体的时间状语。
7. 当主句为将来时态时,与之相关的by the time后接的
从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:
By the time he comes, I will have left.
等他到时,我会已离开了。
The film will have started by the time we get to the
cinema.
我们到电影院时电影会已经开始了。
8. 表示现在将要宣布某事。如:
I declare the meeting open.


我宣布会议开始。
We learn Lesson Ten today.
今天我们学习第10课。
9. 表示客观性很强的将来。如:
Today is Friday, so tomorrow is Saturday.
今天是星期五,所以明天是星期六。
My birthday is on a Sunday this year.
我今年的生日在星期天。
【注】有时说话者对某一将来事实非常肯定,也用一般现在
时。如:
The future is bright.
前途是光明的。
Final victory is ours.
最后的胜利是我们的。
一般现在时表过去
1. 用于某些动词(tell, say, hear, learn, gather等)表
示不确定的过去时间。如:
John tells me you will leave tomorrow.
约翰告诉我你明天离开。
I hear that he got married last month.


我听说他上个月结婚了。
Mary says you told her to come over here.
玛丽说是你让她到这儿来的。
2. 当要陈述一个客观事实时,有时即使有过去时间状语也
可用一般现在时。如:
The story is set in the summer of 1937.
故事的背景是1937年夏天。
The story begins in the year 1937.
故事开始于1937年。

二、一般将来时
一般将来时的定义
一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状
态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week
/ month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状
语。如:
What will you do this afternoon.
你今天下午干什么?
We will have a meeting tomorrow.
我们明天要开会。


He is going to study abroad next year.
明年他要出国学习。
一般将来时的结构及应用
(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存
在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情,只能用此结构。如:
What shall we do if he doesn’t come?
如果他不来,我们该怎么办?
Will you be free this evening?
今天晚上有空吗?
I think he will tell us the truth.
我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。
(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的
事情,也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如:
We are going to have a meeting to discuss the matter
this evening.
今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。
Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going
to rain soon.
看一看那边的乌云,我想天要下雨了。


There is going to be an English evening this week.
本周要举行一个英语晚会。
(3) be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做
的事情。如:
Who is to clean the classroom today?
今天该谁打扫教室了?
When are you to return your library book?
你什么时候要还图书?
The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year.
这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。
(4) be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事
情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合,因此,句子不能再用时间
状语。如:
Don’t leave. Li Lei is about to come.
不要走了,李蕾就要来了。
Be quiet. The concert is about to start.
安静下来,音乐演唱会就要开始了。
(5) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这
个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词:come, go, leave, arrive,


begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy
等。如:
Go ahead, and I’m coming.
走前面一点吧,我就来。
The dog is dying.
那条狗要死了。
Hurry up. The shop is closing.
快点,商店就要关门了。
(6) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方
说,上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如:
Don’t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.
不要匆忙,回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four
thirty. 汽车四点返回。
三、一般过去时
一般过去时的定义
一般过去时表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事
情或存在 的状态。常与过去时间yesterday, this morning,
just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week,
once upon a time, the other day, before …, when –
clause, in the past连用。如:


What did you do yesterday?
昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning.
今天上午我会到了林涛。
I was there a moment ago.
刚才我在那儿。
一般过去时的应用
(1) 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
Liu Ying was in America last year.
刘英去年在美国。Jim rang you just now.
吉姆刚才给你打了电话。
(2) 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常接时间副词often,
usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如:
We often went out for a walk after supper.
我们过去常在晚饭后散步。
We usually played together.
我们通常一起玩。
一般过去时对谓语动词的要求


一般过去时 的谓语动词要用动词的过去式。动词过去式的构
成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式,不规则变化通常需 要
逐个记忆,规则变化则遵循以下原则:
(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。如:
play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed,
destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.
(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后,只加-d。如:
like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated,
date—dated。
(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后,则改y为i,再加
—ed。如:
supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.
(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且,末尾只有一个辅音
字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加- ed。如:
plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted,
ban—banned.
特别说明


有些动词的过去时,如:expect, hope, intend, plan,
wanted 等一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时;或它们的过
去完成时接不定式的一般式, 都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、
打算或希望。如:
I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I
had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony.
我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。
I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended
to join their games.
我本打算参加他们的比赛。

四、过去将来时
过去将来时的定义
过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动
作或存在的状态。如:


He said he would come here next Friday.
他说他下周星期五来这儿。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble.
我知道当我们陷入困境时它会帮助我们。
过去将来时的结构
(1) would + 动词原形。如:
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with
other classmates this term.
她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本期赶上其他同学们。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse
you.
过去当你请她帮忙时,他绝不会拒绝。
(2) was / were going to + 动词原形。如:
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他
告诉我说他要参加那次会议。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the
railway station.
他说将要拍我去火车站接她
(3) was / were to + 动词原形。如:


The building was to be completed next month.
这座建筑改在下个月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon.
李蕾很快就要到了。
(4) was / were about to + 动词原形。如:
We were about to leave there when it began to rain
heavily and suddenly.
就在我们要离开时,天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang.
就在他要吃中饭的时候,门铃响起来了。
(5) was / were +现在分词。如:
He was leaving the next day.
他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our
school soon.
我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。
过去将来时的用法
(1) 过去将来时,一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如:
He said he would stay with us.


他说他要与我们呆在一起。
He said he would never go there again.
他说他绝不会再去那儿。
(2) 过去将来时,用于虚拟语气中,如:
If I were you, I would not do that.
要是我是你的话,我就不会那样做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it.
如果他在这儿,他就会向我们展示该如何做了。
拓展
was / were going to + 动词原形;was / were to + 动词
原形;was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当
时一种未曾实现的意图或打算。如:
The conference was going to be held the next month.
会议下个月开。
We were to have our class at eight.
八点我们该上课了。
I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in.
就在我要告诉他时,吴东进来了。
五、现在进行时
现在进行时的定义


现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作,有时也可表
示现阶段在进行的动作。如:
The teacher is giving us an English lesson.
老师正在给我们上英语课。
The farmers are getting in their crops.
农民们正在收割庄稼。
We are making preparations for the conference.
我们一直在为会议作准备。
现在进行时的结构
现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如:
I’m studying at Yu Cai Senior Middle school.
我在育才中学读书。
He is writing on the desk.
他再课桌上写字。
They are talking about their visiting the Great Wall.
他们在谈论游长城的事情。
【说明】动词现在分词的构成方法:
(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如:


say—saying, play—playing, think—thinking,
study—studying, teach —teaching, blow—blowing,
build—building.
(2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如:
love—loving,
date—dating.
(3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音
字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加- ing。如:
begin—beginning, regret—regretting, plan—planning,
ban — banning.
(4) 在以ie结尾的动词后,改ie为y,再加-ing。如:
lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying.
(5) 在以-c[k] 结尾的动词后加- king。如:
picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking.
现在进行时的应用
(1) 表示目前正在发生或进行的动作。如:
They are planting trees on the mountain.
他们在山上植树。

make—making, guide—guiding,

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