整理英文201812月英语四级阅读真题版

2021年1月8日发(作者：祁英涛)
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2018年12月大学英语四级阅读真题
选词填空
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)
Section A Directions: In this section, there is a
passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one
word for each blank from a list of choices given in a
word bank following the passage. Read the passage
through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please
mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer
Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may
not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air
pollution costs the global economy more than $$5
trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most
serious 26 occurring in the developing world. The
figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution.
Lost income alone amounts to $$225 billion a year. The
report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution.
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. . . .
Indoor pollution, which includes 28 like home heating
and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several
decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor
pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth
in industry and transportation. Director of Institute
for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it
as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk
factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over
which individuals have little 31 ,”he said. The
effects of air pollution are worst in the developing
world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly
1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and
middle-income countries live in places where they 33
experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.
But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing
world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result
of related illnesses. In many European countries, where
diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years,
that number reaches tens of thousands.
A)ability B)associated C)consciously
D)constant E)control F)damage G)described
H)equals I)exclusively J)innovated
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. . . .
K)regularly L)relates M)sources
N)undermine O)vehicles
答案： 26. F damage (损害) 27. B associated (与……
有联系) 28. M sources (来源) 29. D constant (不断
的， 常存在的) 30. G described (描述) 31. E control
(控制) 32. H equals (等同于) 33. K regularly (经常
地) 34. I exclusively (仅仅，唯一地) 35. O vehicles
(车辆)
解析：
26. F damage 空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福
利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大的... . ..
发生在发展中国家。根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损
失有关联的词汇，另外在语法上 这里应该填入一个名词
devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以
确 定答案为damage， “损害”n.
27. B associated 空格所在句子的含义为：这个福利数字
包含许多与空气污染... ...的福利费用，比如健康与消费。
根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs 的后
置定语，另外从语义上判断，associated with air pollution
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. . . .
做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上
也符合上下文语境。
28. M sources 空格所在的句子的含义为：室内污染，包
括像暖气和做饭一样的... ...。从语法上判断这里应该 填
入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做
饭，另外从语义上判断sourc es like home heating and
cooking 表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a
passage with ten statements attached to each statement
contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each
paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions
by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress
[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the
aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach,
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California, wearing a white coat and helping people
learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was
Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison
Scott, giving her some idea on how to feed kids who
persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you
thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he
asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little
cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain.
Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the
frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the
next morning.”
[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a
physician who is program director of the nearby Mary
and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph
Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your
Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet
with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any
other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.
[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心
粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and
suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real
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cheese. “So I’d have to make it？”she asks, her
enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might
take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure
they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”
[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big
contributors to the rising diabetes rates among
children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is
processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5
percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we
should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more
fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and
cheese. Score one point for the doctor, zero for
diabetes.
[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing
across California. The food-as- medicine movement has
been around for decades, but it’s making progress as
physicians and medical institutions make food a formal
part of treatment, rather than relying solely on
medications (药物). By prescribing nutritional changes
or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’,
they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse
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. . . .
disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no
question people can take things a long way toward
reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure,
even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.
[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO
and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical
institutions across the state are starting to make a
philosophical switch to becoming a health organization,
not just a health care organization. That feeling
echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry
program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital,
which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand
on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the
city. The program will offer patients several bags of
food prescribed for their condition, along with
intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want
to link food and medicine, and not just give away
food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical
director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people
to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it,
the role food plays in their lives.”
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[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University
School of Medicine is offering specialized training for
its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that
is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease.
Research findings increasingly show the power of food
to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean
that diet alone is always the solution, or that every
illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes.
Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the
collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the
salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American
diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity,
diabetes and heart disease. According to the World
Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart
disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure,
tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption
of fruits and vegetables.
[H] “It’s a different paradigm（范式）of how to treat
disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family
and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda
University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine
specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent
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and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’
nutritional habits. The medical center and school at
Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for
patients. This way, patients not only learn about which
foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.
[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and
they only know how to heat things up. That means
depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar
content. So teaching people about which foods are
healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually
transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might
transform the health and lives of that patient’s
family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,”
Rea says. “As a physician, nutrition is one of the most
powerful things you can change to reverse the effects
of long-term disease.”
[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes
can slow inflammation（炎症）, for example, or make the
body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many
lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based
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. . . .
diet — particularly for people with diabetes or other
inflammatory conditions.
[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require
a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says Nguyen.
“In the same way physicians used to smoke, and then
stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about
it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”
36. More than half of the food Americans eat is
factory-produced.
37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to
give advice to shoppers in food stores.
38. There is growing evidence from research that food
helps patients recover from various illnesses.
39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and
easily.
40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can
change their life.
41. One food-as- medicine program not only prescribes
food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.
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