绅士的英文2013年12月英语六级真题阅读

2021年1月8日发(作者：雍己)
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
Among the government’s most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on
their children. Not surprisingly, the costs are steep. For a middle-class, husband-and-wife family
(average pretax income in 2009: $$76,250), spending per child is about $$12,000 a year. With
inflation the family’s spending on a child will total $$286,050 by age 17.
The dry statistics ought to inform the ongoing deficit debate, because a budget is not just a
catalog of programs and taxes. It reflects a society’s priorities and values. Our society does not—
despite rhetoric(说辞) to the contrary—put much value on raising children. Present budget
policies tax parents heavily to support the elderly. Meanwhile, tax breaks for children are modest.
If deficit reduction aggravates these biases, more Americans may choose not to have children or to
have fewer children. Down that path lies economic decline.
Societies that cannot replace their populations discourage investment and innovation. They
have stagnant (萧条的) or shrinking markets for goods and services. With older populations,
theyresist change. To stabilize its population—discounting immigration—women must have an
average of two children. That’s a fertility rate of countries with struggling economies
are well below that.
Though having a child is a deeply personal decision, it’s shaped by culture, religion,
economics, and government policy. “No one has a good answer” asto why fertility varies among
countries, says sociologist Andrew Cherlin of The Johns

Hopkins University. Eroding religious
belief in Europe may partly explain lowered birthrates. In Japan young women may be rebelling
against their mothers’ isolated lives of child rearing. General optimism and pessimism count.
Hopefulness fueled America’s baby boom. After the Soviet Union’s collapse, says Cherlin,
“anxiety for the future” depressed birthrates in Russiaand Eastern Europe.
In poor societies, people have children to improve their economic well-being by increasing
the number of family workers and providing supports for parents in their old age. In wealthy
societies, the logic often reverses. Government now supports the elderly, diminishing the need for
children. By some studies, the safety nets for retirees have reduced fertility rates by 0.5 children in
the United States and almost 1.0 in Western Europe, reports economist Robert Stein in the journal
National Affairs. Similarly, some couples don’t have children because they don’t want to sacrifice
their own lifestyles to the lime and expense of a family.
Young Americans already face a bleak labor market that cannot instill (注入) confidence
about having children. Piling on higher taxes won’t help, “If higher taxes make it more expensive
to raise children,” says Nicholas Eberstadt of the American Enterprise Institute, “people will think
twice about having another child.” That seems like common sense, despite the multiple influences
on becoming parents.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
56. What do we learn from the government report?
A) Inflation increases families’ expenses.
B) Raising children is getting expensive.
C) Budget reduction in around the corner.
D) Average family expenditure is increasing.
57. What is said to be the consequence of a shrinking population?
A) Weakened national strength. C) Economic downturn.