anyhow2019年12月英语四六级考试阅读提高练习(37)

2021年1月9日发(作者：蔡楠)
2019年12月英语四六级考试阅读提高练习(37)

Colleges and Universities

More than 60 percent of all high school graduates
continue their formal education after graduation. Many attend
colleges that offer four-year programs leading to a
bachelor's degree. College students are called undergraduates,
and their four years of study are divided into the freshman,
sophomore, junior, and senior years. In most colleges the
first two years are designed to provide a broad general
education, and during this time the college student is
usually required to take courses in general areas of study,
such as English, science, foreign languages, and social
science. By the junior year the student begins to major in
one particular field of study, or discipline.

Some institutions of higher learning offer only the four-
year college program. A university offers graduate or post-
college programs, as well. Graduate degrees in fields such as
English literature, chemistry, and history are granted by
graduate schools of arts and sciences. These schools may
offer one- or two- year programs leading to a master's degree
(M. A. ), and programs lasting three years or more that lead
to the degree of doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D. ). A candidate
for a Ph. D. must meet certain course requirements in his
field, pass written and oral examinations, and present a
written thesis based on original research. Some universities
offer postdoctoral programs that extend study and research
beyond the Ph. D.