quotas2017年12月英语6级真题及答案三套全(可反复打印使用)

2021年1月9日发(作者：武立勋)
2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套） ..................... ....................................... 1
2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套） ..................... ..................................... 15
2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第三套） ..................... ..................................... 35

2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套）

“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。”
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting
on the saying Respect others, and you will be respected.
to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more than 200。

Part II
Listening comprehension(30miutes)
Section a
Directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each
comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions
will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on
answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.
Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wast
b)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stale
c) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy
d) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed
2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste food
b)it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction
C)it voted gainst food import from outside europe
d) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.
3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.
b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foods
c)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.
d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.
4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.
b)the surplus resulting from overproduction
c)americans' habit of buying food in bulk
d)a lack of regulation on food consumption
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.
b)it has just launched its annual anniversary sales
c) it offers regular weekend sales all the year round
d)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses
6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.
b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.
c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.
d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.
7. a)mail a gift card to her.
b) allow her to buy on credi
c) credit it to her account
d) give her some coupons.
8. a) refunding for goods returned
b) free installing of appliances.
c)prolonged goods warranty.
d)complimentary tailoring
Section b
Directions: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage,
you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.
b)they have more than twenty different hair textures
c)they have twenty-four different body shapes in total
d)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.
10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirations
b)they are not sold together with the original
c) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescents
d) their body shapes have not changed much
11. a)in toy stores
b) in shopping malls.
c)on the internet
d)at barbie shops
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printing
b) chinese printing technology was first introduce
c)the earliest known book was published
d) metal type was imported from korea
13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.
b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.
c) it helped the german people become literate.
d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total
14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.
b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.
c)it made writing a very profitable career.
d) it provided readers with more choices.
15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.
b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.
c) turned translation into a welcome profession.
d) it promoted the growth of national languages
Section c
Directions: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after
you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single
line through centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.
b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.
c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.
d) they choose a job without thinking it through.
17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.
b)find out what job choices are available.
c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.
d) decide which job is most attractive to you.
18. a)the qualifications you have.
b)the pay you are going to get.
c)the culture of your target company.
d) the work environment you will be in.
19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.
b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.
c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african- americans.
d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans
20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.
b) to call on african-americans to worship their gods
c) to help african-americans to realize their goals.
d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.
21. a)faith in self-determination
b)the first fruits of the harvest
c) unity and cooperative economics
d creative work and achievement.
22. a)they recite a principle
b)they take a solemn oath
c)they drink wine from the unity cup
d) they call out their ancestors' names.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.
b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.
c)it began to impact the world in recent years.
d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.
4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.
b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950s
c) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.
d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.
25. a) they care much about their health.
b) they eat foods with little fat.
c)they use little oil in cooking
d) they have lower mortality rates
Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required
to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more than once.
In the past 12 months,Nigeria has suffered from a shrinking economy, a sliding
currency, and a prolonged fuel shortage. Now, Africa’s largest in facing a food
crisis as major tomato fields have been destroyed by an insect,leading to a
nationwide shortage and escalating prices.
The insect, Tutaabsoluta, has destroyed 80% of farms in Kaduna, Nigeria's
largest tomato producing state, leading the government there to declare a state of
26 .The insect, also known as the tomato leaf miner, devastates crops
by 27 on fruits and digging into and moving through
28 incredibly quickly,
breeding up to 12 generations per year if conditions are favorable. it is believed
to have 29 in South America in the early 1900s, and later spread to Europe
before crossing over to sub-Saharan Africa.
In Nigeria, where tomatoes are a staple of local diets,the insect's effects are
devastating. Retail prices for a 30 of tomatoes at local markets have risen
from $$0. 50 to $$2.50. Farmers are reporting steep losses and a new $$20 million
tomato-paste factory has 31 production due to the shortages.
Given the moth's ability also to attack crops like pepper and potatoes, Audu
Ogbeh, Nigeria's minister of agriculture, has warned that the pest may
serious problems for food 32
investigating how to control the pest’s damage and prevent its spread, which has
gone largely 33 until now.
Despite being the continent's second-largest producer of tomatoes, Nigeria
is 34 on $$1 billion worth of tomato-paste imports every around 75%
of the local harvest goes to waste thanks to a lack of proper storage facilities.
A further 35 in local supplies is yet another unwelcome setback to the
industry.
A) dependent I）originated
B) Embarking J) reduction
C) emergenc K) reproduces
D) feeding L）security
E) grazes M）terror
F) halted N) unchecked
G) handful O）unchecked
H) multitude
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
who's really addicting you to Technology?
is addicted in some measure to the internet,
Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream
of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and
online games of addicting us to distraction
B. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has
difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person
ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article,
reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek
my email.
's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and
persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse？ To find solutions, it's important
to understand what we’re dealing are four parties conspiring to keep
you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.
technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame
for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows： what
the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption
system, a machine geared to dividing attention.
services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of
manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after
studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I
learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on
advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they ’s no winder
these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be
as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by
design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.
r, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep
them at example, we can change how often we receive the distracting
notifications that trigger our urge to ing to adam marchick, ceo of
mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother
to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us
default to the app makers' every preset and Apple have made it far
too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set
these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.
companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from
advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this
system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most
habit-forming medium of check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed,
but why? Because that's what the boss almost all white- collar jobs, A slow
Response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.
friends are also about this familiar gathered
around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit
of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their
phone to check who knows anyone notices and no one says a thing.
imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person
belches(打嗝）-ne notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house,
this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of
etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking
phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial
behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.
reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching
because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person
looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain
reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until
finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a
societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like
another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored
or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak
a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.
technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find
yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves
scrutiny--the person holding the phone.
L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living,
disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz
and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know
why so i began self- monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i
discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing
something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often
a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my
tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an
article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more
sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape
answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so- called

my bad habits had less to do with logy and more to do with old-fashioned
procrastination(拖延）
's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing
new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things
agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to
occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly
unproductive.
al technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt
companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and
attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something
better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.
improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of
technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms
with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our
habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part
to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is
changing, but also of how it is changing us.
services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they
generate.
37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.
38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching
39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness
of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.
40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet
distractions
41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.
great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their
settings to suit their own purposes.
internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.
44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off
doing what he should
-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their
employers
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements
attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.
Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a
paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
who's really addicting you to Technology?
is addicted in some measure to the internet,
Schwartz in The New York Times. it's a common complaint these days. A steady stream
of similar headlines accuse the net and its offspring apps, social media sites and
online games of addicting us to distraction
B. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the net has
difficulty concentration than it takes to post a status update. as one person
ironically put it in the comments section of Schwartz's online article,
reading this very excellent article.I stopped at least half a dozen times to cheek
my email.
's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and
persuasive. but who's at fault for its overuse？ To find solutions, it's important
to understand what we’re dealing are four parties conspiring to keep
you connected the tech, your boss, your friends and you.
technologies themselves and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame
for our diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr,author of The Shallows： what
the internet is doing Our brains, wrote, The net is designed to be an interruption
system, a machine geared to dividing attention.
services like Facebook, twitter and the like, are called out of
manipula-tion--making，products so good that people can't stop using them. after
studying these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I
learned it all starts with the business model. since these services rely on
advertising revenue, The more frequently you use money they ’s no winder
these companies employ teams of people focused on engineering their services to be
as engaging as possible. these products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by
design. they have an incentive to keep us hooked.
r, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep
them at example, we can change how often we receive the distracting
notifications that trigger our urge to ing to adam marchick, ceo of
mobile marketing company kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother
to adjust their notification setlings--meaning the remaining 85 percent of us
default to the app makers' every preset and Apple have made it far
too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us to take steps ensure we set
these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app makers.
companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from
advertisers, other technologies have no such agenda. take email, for example. this
system couldn't care less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most
habit-forming medium of check email at all hours of the day--we're obsessed,
but why? Because that's what the boss almost all white- collar jobs, A slow
Response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also your livelihood.
friends are also about this familiar gathered
around a table, enjoying food and each others company. there's laughter and a bit
of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their
phone to check who knows anyone notices and no one says a thing.
imagine the same dinner,but instead of checking their phone, the person
belches(打嗝）-ne notices. unless the meal takes place in a beer house,
this is considered bad manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of
etiquette. one has to wonder why don’t we apply the same social norms to checking
phones during meals, meetings and conversations as we do to other antisocial
behaviors somehow, we accept it and say nothing when someone offends.
reality is taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching
because, unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. once one person
looks at their phone,other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain
reaction. the more people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until
finally you are the only one left not reading email or checking twitter. from a
societal perspective, phone checking is less like belching in public and more like
another bad habit. our phones are like cigarettes-something to do when were bored
or when our fingers need something to toy with seeing others enjoy a smoke,or sneak
a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon everyone is doing it.
technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find
yourself using (or overusing )these gadgets. but there's still someone who deserves
scrutiny--the person holding the phone.
L. I have a confession. even though i study habit-forming technology for a living,
disconnecting is not easy for me.I'm online far more than I'd like like Schwartz
and so many others, I often find myself distracted and off tack.I wanted to know
why so i began self- monitoring to try to understand my behavior. that's when i
discovered an uncomfortable truth. i use technology as an escape. when I'm doing
something I'd rather not do, or when I'm someplace I'd rather not attention was often
a good thing, like when passing time on public transportation, but frequently my
tech use was not so benign. when i faced difficult work, like thinking through an
article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time, for example, a more
sinister screen would draw me in. i could easily escape
answering email or browsing ing the web under the pretense of so- called

my bad habits had less to do with logy and more to do with old-fashioned
procrastination(拖延）
's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing
new. Aristotle and Socrates dehated nature of “akrasia”--our tendency to do things
agninst our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to
occupy our time and minds,if we weren’t on our devices. We’d likely do similarly
unproductive.
al technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt
companies are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and
attractive but would want it any other way the intended result of making something
better is that people use it more. that's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.
improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of
technology. In order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms
with the fact that it's more than the technology itself that’s responsible for our
habits. our workplace culture, social norns and individual behaviors all play a part
to put technology in its place, we must be conscious not only of how technology is
changing, but also of how it is changing us.
services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they
generate.
37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.
38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching
39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness
of how it is changing but also how it is impacting us.
40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of internet
distractions
41. when one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.
great majority of smartphone users don' t take the trouble to adjust their
settings to suit their own purposes.
internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.
44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off
doing what he should
-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their
employers
Part IV
Translation (30 minutes)
Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from
chinese into English. you should write your answer on answer sheet 2.
太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖,占地面积2250平方公里,是中国 第三大淡水湖,仅
次于鄱阳和洞庭。太湖约有90个岛屿,大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等。太湖以其独特的“太湖石”而闻名,太湖石常用于装饰中国传统园林。太湖也以高产的捕
鱼业闻名。自上 世纪70年代后期以来,捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的居民来说极为重要,并对
周边地区的经济作出了重大贡献。太 湖地区是中国陶瓷( ceramics)业基地之一,其
中宜兴的陶瓷厂家生产举世闻名的宜兴紫砂壶( clay teapot,)


2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting
on the saying
examples to ilustrate your views. you should write at least 150 words but no more
than 200。
Part II
Listening comprehension(30miutes)
Section a
Directions: in this section, you will hear two long conversations at the end of each
comversation you will hear four questions. both the comversation and the questions
will be spoken only once. afier you hear a question, you must choose the best answer
from the four choices marked a, b) cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on
answer Sheet i with a single line through the centre.
Questions1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1.a)they reward businesses that eliminate food wast
b)they prohibit the sale of foods that have gone stale
c) they facilitate the donation of unsold foods to the needy
d) they forbid businesses to produce more foods than needed
2. a)it imposed penalties on businesses that waste food
b)it passed a law aiming to stop overproduction
C)it voted gainst food import from outside europe
d) it prohibited the promotion of bulk food sales.
3. a) it has warmed its people against possible food shortage.
b) it has penalized businesses that keep overproducing foods
c)it has started a nationwide campaign against food waste.
d) it has banned supermarkets from dumping edible foods.
4 .a)the confusion over food expiration labels.
b)the surplus resulting from overproduction
c)americans' habit of buying food in bulk
d)a lack of regulation on food consumption
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. a) it has started a week-long promotion campaign.
b)it has just launched its annual anniversary sales
c) it offers regular weekend sales all the year round
d)it specializes in the sale of ladies designer dresses
6. a)price reductions for its frequent customers.
b)coupons for customers with bulk purchases.
c)free delivery of purchases for senior customers.
d) price adjustments within seven days of purchase.
7. a)mail a gift card to her.
b) allow her to buy on credi
c) credit it to her account
d) give her some coupons.
8. a) refunding for goods returned
b) free installing of appliances.
c)prolonged goods warranty.
d)complimentary tailoring
Section b
Directions: in this section, you will hear two passages. at the end of each passage,
you will hear Iree or four questions. both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked a, b, cand d). then mark the corresponding letter on answer
Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9. a)they are thin, tall, and unlike real human beings.
b)they have more than twenty different hair textures
c)they have twenty-four different body shapes in total
d)they represent people from virtually all walks of life.
10.a)they do not reflect young girls aspirations
b)they are not sold together with the original
c) their flat feet do not appeal to adolescents
d) their body shapes have not changed much
11. a)in toy stores
b) in shopping malls.
c)on the internet
d)at barbie shops
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
12. a )moveable metal type began to be used in printing
b) chinese printing technology was first introduce
c)the earliest known book was published
d) metal type was imported from korea
13. a) it had more than a hundred printing presses.
b)it was the biggest printer in the 16th century.
c) it helped the german people become literate.
d) it produced some 20 million volumes in total
14. a)it pushed handwritten books out of circulation.
b)it boosted the circulation of popular works.
c)it made writing a very profitable career.
d) it provided readers with more choices.
15. a) it accelerated the extinction of the latin language.
b) it standardized the publication of grammar books.
c) turned translation into a welcome profession.
d) it promoted the growth of national languages
Section c
Directions: in this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks
followed by three or four questions. the recordings will be played only once. after
you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked
a, b, c and d)Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 1 with a single
line through centre.
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.
16. a) they get bored after working for a period of time.
b) they spend an average of one year finding a job.
c)they become stuck in the same job for decades.
d) they choose a job without thinking it through.
17. a)see if there will be chances for promotion.
b)find out what job choices are available.
c)watch a film about ways of job hunting.
d) decide which job is most attractive to you.
18. a)the qualifications you have.
b)the pay you are going to get.
c)the culture of your target company.
d) the work environment you will be in.
19. a) it is as important as christmas for african-americans.
b) it is a cultural festival founded for african-americans.
c) it is an ancient festival celebrated by african- americans.
d) it is a religious festival celebrated by african-americans
20. a)to urge african-americans to do more for society.
b) to call on african-americans to worship their gods
c) to help african-americans to realize their goals.
d) to remind african-americans of their sufferings.
21. a)faith in self-determination
b)the first fruits of the harvest
c) unity and cooperative economics
d creative work and achievement.
22. a)they recite a principle
b)they take a solemn oath
c)they drink wine from the unity cup
d) they call out their ancestors' names.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
23. a) it is one of the world's most healthy diets.
b) it contains large amounts of dairy products.
c)it began to impact the world in recent years.
d) it consists mainly of various kinds of seafood.
4. a) it involved 13, 000 researchers from asia, europe and america.
b) it was conducted in seven mid-eastern countries in the 1950s
c) it is regarded as one of the greatest researches of its kind.
d)it has drawn the attention of medical doctors the world over.
25. a) they care much about their health.
b) they eat foods with little fat.
c)they use little oil in cooking
d) they have lower mortality rates
Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required
to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following
the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each
choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter
for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not
use any of the words in the bank more than once.
The pacific island nation of palau has become home to the sixth largest marine
world. the new marine reserve, now the largest in the pacific, will--26-- no fishing
or mining. Palau also established the world, first shark sanctuary in 2009.
The tiny island nation has set aside 500,000 square kilometres-80 percent -of its
maritime --27--, for full protection, that's the highest percentage of an-- 28
--economic zone devoted to remaining 20 percent of the palau seas will be reserved
for local fishing by individuals and small-scale-- 29-- fishing businesses with
limited exports.
--30--have been among the hardest hit by the threats facing theocean,
remengesau jr in a statement.
move that the people of palau recognise as 31 to our survival. we want to lead the
way in restoring the health of the occan for future generation
Palau has only been an_ 32 nation for twenty years and has a strong history of
environmental protection. it is home to one of the world's finest marine ecosystems,
with more than 1,300 species of fish and 700 species of coral.
Senator hokkons baules lead 33 of the palau national marine sanctuary act, said the
sanctuary willhelp build a- 34 future for the palauan people by honoring the
conservation traditions of our pastthese include the centuries-old custom of
where leaders would call a temporary stop to fishing for key species in order to
give fish 35 an opportunity to replenish(补充).
a)allocate
b) celebrities
c)commercial
d)communities
e）essential
f）exclusive
g)independent
h) indulge
i)permit
j)secure
k) solitary
L)spectacle
m)sponsor
n)stocks
o)temitory
Data sharing: an open mind on open date
[ A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software
code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. a spirit of
openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say
advocates, to address a'crisis' incience whereby too few findings are successfully
reproduced. furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the
range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify
large-scale trends.
[B] the open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. on the
one hand,the drive to share is gathering official steam. since 2013, global
scientific bodies have begun to back politics that support increased public access
to the other hand,scientists disagree about how much and when they should
share date,and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science
and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and more
journals and make it more robust,or to introduce vulnerabilities and
more journal and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number
of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place
between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch
their own careers.
[C] one key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming
scientifically vulnerable. they must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer
or a collaboration prosal from those who are wary of-or unfamiliar with -open science.
and they must learn How to capitalize on the movement's benefits such as
opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need
for conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.
[D] some fields have embraced open data more than others. researchers in psychology,
a field rocked by findings of irreproducibility in the past few years, have been
especially vocal sup-porters of the drive for more-open science.A few psychology
journals have created incentives to increase interest in repar open science. a few
psychology journals have created incentives porters of the drive for me lucible
science -for example, by affixing an
data are available. according to social psychologist brian nose executive director
of the center for open science, the average data- sharing rate for the journal
Psychological science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013
to 2015.
[E] funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy .several strongly
ergement,and some require,a date-management plan that makes data available .The
us national science foundation is among these, some philanthropic (慈善的)
funders, including the bill Gates foundation in seattle, washington, and the
wellcome trust in london, alopen data from their grant recipients.
[F] but many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in
open science .are uncertain about whether to share or to stay te
students and postdoes,who often are working on their lab head's grant may have no
choice if their supervisor or another senior opposes sharing.
[G] some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the
early stages of a career.
scooped(被抢先),” says new York university astronomer david hogg. those fears may
be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals
that mandate it.
[H] researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have
the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. my institution and teaching load,
i don't have postdocs and grad studentssays terry mcglynn, a tropical biologist
at california state university,Dominguez hills. stakes are higher to share data
because it's a bigger fraction of hats happening in my lab.
[I] researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data
for others to the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存
储库 ), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.
[J] the time investment can present other problems. in some cases, says data
scientist karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness
when senior colleagues many of whom head selection and promotion teesht ridicule
what they may view as misplaced energies. heard this recently -that embracing
the idea of open datad code makes traditional academics uncomfortable,
concem seems to be that open advocates don't spend their time being as productive
as possible.
[ K]an open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. kate ratliff,
who studies social attitudes at the university of florida, gainesville, says that
it can seem as if there are two camps in a field-those who care about open science
and those who don't . area to navigate-'are you cool with the fact
that i'll want to make the data open?'-when talking with somebody about an
interesting research idea,
[L] despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant.
for example,when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object
identifier(DOI)is assigned.
Scientists can use a DOT to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just
the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations- one each
for the data and addition to the paper itself. and although some say
that citations for software or data have little currency in academia,they can have
other benefits.
[M] many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp
will protect scientists from being scooped. is the sweet spot between sharing
and getting credit for it. while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃). says ivo grigorov,
a project coordinator at the naional institute of aquatic resot
Research secreta - in charlottenlund, denmark. hogg says that scooping is less of
a problem than many think. two cases i'm familiar with didn't involve open data
or code,
[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the palying field
by gaining better access to crucial date. ross mounce, a postdoc studying
evolutionary biology at the university of cambrige,UK, is a vocal champion of open
science, partly because his fossil others' data. he says that more openness in
science could help to discourage what some perceive as a commom practice of shutting
out early-career scientists' requests for data.
[O] communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration,
he says,Concems about open should be discussed at the outset of a study.
you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of
expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what
with them, he says.
[p] in the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an
early -career researcher to gain recognition--a crucial component of success.
thing you are searching for reputation基因组学)
researcher at the university of Califomia, davis,.get grants and jobs you have
to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. anything you do that
advances your presence- especially in a larger
phere, outside the communities you know- is a net win.
36. astronomer david hogg doesn't think scooping is as serious a problem as generally
thought.
37. some researchers are hesitant to make their data public for fear that others
might publish something similar before them
38. some psychology joumals have offered incentives to encourage authors to share
their data.
39. there is a growing demand in the science community that research data be open
to the public.40. sharing data offers early-career researchers the chance to build
a certain level of reputation
41. data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work,
thus leading to more citations
42. scientists hold different opinions about the extent and timing of data sharing
43. potential problems related to data sharing should be made known to and discussed
by all participants at the beginning of a joint research project
44. sharing data and handling data- related issues can be time-consuming
45. junior researehers may have no say when it comes to sharing data.
Section c
Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements for each of them there are four choices marked
a, b, c)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter
on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage one
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
In the beginning of the movie, robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two
cars plunge into the water-del spooner or a child. even though spooner screams
her save her! robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent
chance of survival compared to sarah's 11 percent. the robot's decision and its
calculated approach raise an important question:
would humans make the same choice? and which choice would we want our robotic
counterparts to make?
Isaac asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of
robotics, which hold that 1. robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to
harm; 2. robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law
i; and 3. robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws
i or 2. these laws are programmed into asimov's robots-they don' t have to think,
judge, or value. they don't have to like humans or believe that wrong or bad. they
simply don't do it.
The robot who rescues spooner s life in / robot follows asimov's zeroth law: robots
cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humansor allow humanity to come to
harm--an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what's in the
greater good. under the first law,a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but
under the zeroth law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.
Whether it's possible to program a robot with safeguards such as asimov's laws is
debatable a word such as
human employ harm), and abstract concepts present coding problems. the robots in
asimov's fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when
the laws work, robots still have to assess situation.
Assessing situations can be complicated. a robot has to identify the players,
conditions, and possibe outcomes for various scenarios,Its doubtful that a computer
program can do that-aleast, not without some undesirable results. a roboticist at
the bristol robotics laboratory programmed a robot to save hur
oxies(5) calleddanger. when one h-boheaded for danger, the robot successfully
pushed it out of the way. but when two h-bots became percent of the time, unable
to decide which to save and letting them both
importance of morality without it, how can a robot
decide whom to save or what's best for humanity, especially if it can't calculate
survival odds?
46. what question does the example in the movie raise?
a) whether robots can reach better decisions
b) whether robots follow asimov's zero
d) how robots should be programmed.
47. what does the author think of asimovs three laws of robotics?
a) they are apparently divorced from reality.
b)they did not follow the coding system of robotics.
c)they laid a solid foundation for robotics.
d) they did not take moral issues into consideration.
48. what does the author say about asimov's robots?
a they know what is good or bad for human beings
b)they are programmed not to hurt human begings
c)they perform duties in their owners'best interest.
d)they stop working when a moral issue is involved.