fop卷三 2019年12月英语六级真题及答案

2021年1月9日发(作者：霍端友)
2019年12月六级第三套
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of
community responsibility. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
听力同第二套
Part III
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each
blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully
before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding
letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words
in the bank more than once.
The number of devices you can talk to is multiplying—first it was your phone, then your car, and now you
26 , people regularly ascribe human traits to
can tell your kitchen appliances what to do. But even without gadgets that understand our spoken commands,
research suggests that, as bizarre as it sounds, under certain
everyday objects.
Sometimes we see things as human because we are 27 . In one experiment, people who reported feeling
isolated were more likely than others to attribute 28 to various gadgets. In turn, feeling close to objects can
30 in a social setting, they 29 loneliness. When college students were reminded of a time they had been
Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
compensated by exaggerating their number of friends—unless they were first given tasks that caused them to
interact with their phone as if it had human qualities. According to the researchers, the participants
31 substituted for real friends.
At other times, we personify products in an effort to understand them. One study found that three in four
respondents yelled at their computer. Further, the more their computer gave them problems, the more likely the
respondents were to report that it had its own 32 “beliefs and.”
33 So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are
with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking
than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them—especially in 34 situations. An analysis of car sales in
Germany found that cars with gills that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this
increasing a car’s friendliness..
A) alleviate
B) apparently
F) competitive
G) conceded
K) feature
L) lonely
35 as
C) arrogant
D) associated
E) circumstances
Section B
H) consciousness
I) desires
J) excluded
M) seperate
N) spectacularly
O) warrant
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement
contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is
derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the
question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Why More Farmers are Switching to Grass-Fed Meat and Dairy
[A] Though he didn’t come from a farming family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of
living off the land. Reading magazines like The Stockman Grass Farmer and Graze, he got hooked on the
idea of grass- fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him
He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.
[B] Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery,
an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has
demonstrated: Demand for grass-fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a
25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt and kefir on the other hand, have in the last year
’top s priority became
cow herd wasn’t
increased by over 38%. This is in comparison with a drop of just under 1% in the total yogurt and kefir
market according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph
going to suffice.
[C] His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York.
The Amburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head
herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convent from conventional to certified organic and
grass- fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy
farms convert to grass-fed, with more than 80% of those farms coming on board during the last two years.
[D] All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began with no end in sight.
Joseph has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing
open- minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can
fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy
farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By
replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated
from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the
pastureland’s natural seed bunk, and fertilized by the cows. ’ own fertilizer
微生物的) activity in
[E] Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits:
Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement. Grazing herds stimulate microbial (
higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.
[F] In the grass fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the
international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add
more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is
a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where
financially, what they’re doing is not working. That’when s they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well
the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be
getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-
managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through
regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of
phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract
pledging to buy the farmer’milk s at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for
higher protein, butter fat and other solids.
[G] While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands on and comprehensive, it’just s one of a
growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing
his knowledge network through peer-to-peer learning a core piece of the company’s culture. Last sum
Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed
beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring to market 2,500 head of cattle from
125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he
began to informally announce the network at farming conferences and on social media, he’received s a
steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.
[H] Smith says he’ll provide services ranging from formal seminars to on-farm workshops on holistic
management, to one-on-one hand- holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting.
In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag
ID system like that used in the European Union.
[1] Though advocates portray grass fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price,
for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20% above organic versions, but depending on
the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of
30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25%
over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a
grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.
[J] And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production it requires, at
least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as
well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment
degradation, and decreased human heath and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost-effective model.
“The sun provides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,” he says.
[K] Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat-based protein bars.
Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they
of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC most successful product - the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar - ’Ｓ
Collins and Forrest found they’d exhausted their sources for bison raised exclusively on pasture. When
they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The
rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.
[L] But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed
to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin- based rancher Northstar Bison.
EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $$2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised
according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who
might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “You can purchase this $$3 million piece
of land here, because I’m guaranteeing you today you'll have 1,000 bison on it.’
into the old, conventional farming ecosystem, which is really cool to see,” Collins explains.
36. Farmers going grass-fed are not affected by the ever-changing milk prices of the global market.
37. Over the years, Tim Joseph’s partners have helped many dairy farmers to switch to grass-fed.
’ We
38. One advocate believes that many other benefits should be taken into consideration when we assess the
cost-effectiveness of grass-fed farming.
39. Many dairy farmers were persuaded to switch to grass-fed when they saw its advantage in terms of profits.
40. Tim Joseph’s grass-fed program is only one example of how American farming practice is changing.
41. Tim Joseph was fascinated by the notion that sunlight brings energy and wealth to mankind.
42. One problem with grass-fed products is that they are usually more expensive than conventional ones.
43. Grass fed products have proved to be healthier and more nutritious.
44. When Tim Joseph started his business, he found grass-fed products fell short of demand.
45. A snack bar producer discovered that the supply of purely grass-fed bison met was scarce.
Section C
Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Schools are not just a microcosm of society: they mediate it too. The best seek to alleviate the external
pressures on their pupils while equipping them better to understand and handle the world outside-- at once
sheltering them and broadening their horizons. This is ambitious in any circumstances and in a divided and
unequal society the two ideals can clash outright.
Trips that many adults would consider the adventure of a lifetime—treks in Borneo, a sports tour to
Barbados—appear to have become almost routine at some state schools. Parents are being asked for thousands
of pounds. Though schools cannot profit from these trips, the companies that arrange them do. Meanwhile,
pupils arrive at school hungry because their families can
says nine out of 30 in every classroom fall below the poverty line. The discrepancy is startlingly apparent.
Introducing a fundraising requirement for students does not help, as better- off children can tap up richer aunts
and neighbors.
Probing the rock pools of a local beach or practicing French on a language exchange can fire ch
passions, boost their skills and open their eyes to life
ildren’s
’possibilities. s Educational outings help bright but
’t afford breakfast. The Child Poverty Actio
disadvantaged students to get better scores in A-level tests. In this globalised age, there is a good case for
international travel and some parents say they can manage the cost of a school trip abroad more easily than a
family holiday. Even in the face of immense and mounting financial pressures some schools have shown
remarkable determination and ingenuity in ensuring that all their pupils are able to take up opportunities that
may be truly life- changing. They should be applauded. Methods such as whole-school fundraising, with the
proceeds pooled, can help to extend opportunities and fuel community spirit.
But ￡3,000 trips cannot be justified when the average income for families with children is just over
￡30,000. Such initiatives close doors for many pupils. Some parents pull their children out of school because
of expensive field trips. Even parents who can see that a trip is little more than a party or celebration may well
feel guilt that their child is left behind.
The Department for Education’s guidance says schools can charge only for board and lodging if the trip is
part of the syllabus, and that students receiving government aid are exempt from these costs. However, many
schools seem to ignore the advice; and it does not cover the kind of glamorous, exotic trips, which are
becoming increasingly common. Schools cannot be expected to bring together communities single-handed. But
the least we should expect is that they do not foster divisions and exclude those who are already