nether考研英语冲刺试卷

2021年1月9日发(作者：关操)
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考研英语冲刺试卷
考试时间：180分钟 满分：100分
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B],
[C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET.

(10 points)

You probably have a long mental list of moments and facts you wish you could remember---but
actually you cannot. The good news, 1 , is that while such memories may be currently 2 ,
they are not entirely gone, and could theoretically be 3 ,according to a new brain research.
In the study, biologist Jeffrey Johnson 4 16 college participants through an FMRI machine
(which 5 nervous activity via blood flow) to compare brain patterns 6 memory formation and
recall. First, he showed the students various common words and had them 7 a few tasks: say
the word backwards in your head, 8 its uses, and picture how an artist would 9 it. Then,
20 minutes later, after the students re-entered the FMRI machine, Johuson showed them the list
of words and asked them to recall 10 they could from before. Finally, he compared brain
activity from both 11 and what he found will surprise you.
Using 12 is called “pattern analysis”, it’s possible to 13 a unique pattern of brain
activity to every individual thing we do. This means that when a participant says the word
“apple” backwords the 14 pattern of brain activity is different than when he pictures the
fruit. 15 interestingly, there is close similarity between the pattern that emerges
when we 16 an activity and when we later recall it. The stronger our memory, the 17 the
pattern, but as Johnson found, even at a moment 18 we cannot remember anything, our nerve cells
still fire in a way that 19 the activity of when we formed the memory. This 20 that sometime
in the future we may be able to retrieve the memories we thought we’d lost forever.

1. [A]although [B]rather [C]though [D]therefore
[D]unavailable
[D]accumulated
2. [A]forgetful [B]absent [C]faultless
3. [A]retrieved [B]recognized
4. [A]let [B]put
[C]claimed
[C]ran [D]got
5. [A]measures [B]calculates [C]assesses [D]evaluates
6. [A]between [B]during [C]across [D]throughout
[C]perform [D]overtake
[D]catch on
[D]specify
7. [A]assign [B]display
8. [A]bring forward [B]think of [C]check out
9. [A]predict [B]manifest [C]depict
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10. [A]however [B]whenever [C]whatever
11. [A]procedures [B]sessions
12. [A]which [B]that
[D]whichever
[C]progresses [D]sections
[D]what
[D]stick
[C]as
13. [A]attach [B]subject [C]submit
14. [A]controversial [B]relevant
15. [A]Even [B]But

[C]particular [D]associated
[C]So [D]As
[C]engage in [D]go through 16. [A]set about [B]sit for
17. [A]stronger [B]closer
18. [A]when [B]that
[C]further [D]weaker
[C]which [D]as
19. [A]hampers [B]distinguishes [C]duplicates [D]resembles
20. [A]highlights [B]implies [C]entails [D]exclaims

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C]
or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1
Communication has changed dramatically over the past half-century. The term “Global
Village” was first used in the early 1960’s to describe the ways in which the electronic age
was reshaping the rapidity and pervasiveness with which information is disseminated across the
world. Now, with the enormous growth of the Internet and other forms of digital communication,
that idea is all the more applicable. New technology has changed the ways we receive information
and the ways we collect and store it.
If you look to past centuries, people have had to rely on word-of- mouth as a way of finding
out news beyond their own towns. History itself was passed along through specialized individuals
who memorized names and events from the previous centuries. The most well known form of history
is myth, which comes from the Greek word for “a spoken or written story.” Many of these stories
have been very influential and continue to be read and studied in our own times: the famous
examples are the works of the Greek poet Homer.
Many techniques are used to preserve a story, event, history, or myth from generation to
generation. Symbols are used as devices to trigger a common connection in the listeners.
Repetition of names and families throughout a single story are used as a way to keep important
information fresh in the mind. The reliance on a common tradition or reference within a particular
culture allows the storyteller to get more meaning across with the fewest words said. These
are all memory aids that serve to allow both the teller and the listener to fully realize a
story that may have its origins hundreds of years in the past. For instance, native peoples
in North America’s Northwest Territory have passed down detailed methods for hunting and storing
of reindeer and whale that include geographic information that still hold relevance today.
The need for an oral tradition has diminished in practical value with the advent of the
written text and the rapid growth of computers as a means of disseminating information. There
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are many harmful side effects to the loss of this practice. Younger generations can become
alienated from their cultural identity and knowledge about customs, tradition, mores, the
natural world and history will disappear. This is especially true in aboriginal cultures such
as in Native American, Native Australian and South American peoples, where assimilation into
the dominant culture can come at the cost of historical customs.
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Since the prevalence of the written word, and later inventions that have made passing along
the printed word easier, the demands on our memory as a means of cataloging facts and historical
data has been considerably reduced. However, the techniques used for hundreds of years by those
whose job it was to keep these histories alive have a deeply ingrained influence on us today.
Keeping that knowledge and those traditions alive is very important. Spend a moment recalling
a memory of an oral tradition in your family history that has impacted your education. How has
this oral tradition affected you?
21. The term “Global Village” implies that_____________.
[A] the electronic technology is developing rapidly
[B] the 1960s witnessed the birth of electronic rapidly
[C] modern IT has eliminated geographical barriers
[D]digital technique has found diverse application
22. Centuries ago, information distribution was_____________.
[A] carried out by mouth-to-mouth messages
[B] conducted more by speaking than by writing
[C] confined in small and enclosed districts
[D]dependent on specialized individuals
23. The text indicates that myth_____________.
[A] is the true record of ancient history
[B] is handed down by means of various symbols
[C] saves key information for later generations
[D]characterizes a nation’s common tradition
24. The author asserts that modern communication means can_____________.
[A] result in the alienation of younger generation
[B]deprive the youth of their national identity
[C] lead to the extinction of myth and customs
[D]cause destruction of myth and customs
25. The best title for the text may be_____________.
[A] The Drastic Change in Communication
[B] The Impact of Computer on Our Life
[C] The primary Value of Oral Tradition
[D] The Function of Myth and History
Text 2
Technology is a two-edged sword. Rarely is this as clear as it is in the realm of health
care. Technology allows doctors to test their patients for genetic defects --and then to turn
around and spread the results throughout the world via the Internet. For someone in need of
treatment, that’s good news. But for someone in search of a job or an insurance policy, the
tidings can be all bad.

Last week President Bill Clinton proposed a corollary to the patients’ bill of rights now
before Congress: a right to medical privacy. Beginning in 2002, under rules set to become law
in February, patients would be able to stipulate the conditions under which their personal
medical data could be revealed. They would be able to examine their records and make corrections.
They could learn who else had seen the information. Improper use of records by a caregiver or
insurer could result in both civil and criminal penalties. The plan was, said < br>----------------------------------------------- -------------
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Clinton, “an unprecedented step toward putting Americans back in control of their own
medical records.”
While the administration billed the rules as an attempt to strike a balance between the
needs of consumers and those of the health- care industry, neither doctors nor insurance companies
were happy. The doctors said the rules could actually erode privacy, pointing to a provision
allowing managed-care plans to use personal information without consent if the purpose was
“health-care operations.” That, physicians said, was a loophole through which HMOs and other
insurers could pry into the doctor- patient relationship, in the name of assessing the quality
of care. Meanwhile, the insurers protested that the rules would make them vulnerable to lawsuits.
They were especially disturbed by a provision holding them liable for privacy breaches by
“business partners” such as lawyers and accountants. Both groups agreed that privacy
protections would drive up the cost of health care by at least an additional $$3.8 billion, and
maybe much more, over the next five years. They also complained about the increased level of
federal scrutiny required by the new rules’ enforcement provisions.
One aim of the rules is to reassure patients about confidentiality, thereby encouraging
them to be open with their doctors. Today various cancers and sexually transmitted diseases
can go untreated because patients are afraid of embarrassment or of losing insurance coverage.
The fear is real: Clinton aides noted that a January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates
found that one in six U.S. adults had at some time done something unusual to conceal medical
information, such as paying cash for services.
26.

The author begins his article with “technology is a two-edged sword” to _____________.
[A] warn of the harm patients are prone to suffer
[B] call on people’s attention to the potential danger technology can bring to us
[C] show that doctor’s improper use of technology can end up in bad results
[D] show the advantages and disadvantages of technology
27.

According to the proposal made by President Clinton, patients will be able to do the
following EXCEPT _____________.
[A] enjoy more rights to their medical records
[B] be open with their doctors
[C] decide how to use their medical information
[D] sue their insurers for improper use of their medical records
28.

Doctors tend to think that the rules _____________.
[A] may ruin doctor-patient relationship
[B] can do more harm than good
[C] will prevent doctors from doing medical research
[D] will end up in more health care cost and poorer medical service
29.

The example of the January poll by Princeton Survey Research Associates is used to show
that __________________.
[A] American patients’ concealment of their medical information has become a big concern
[B] a large portion of patients would rather leave their diseases untreated
[C] concealing medical information is widespread in the U.S.
[D] paying cash for medical service is a common practice among American patients
30.

From the article we can learn that ________________.
[A] American government will tighten its control over the use of patients’ personal information.
[B] doctors and insurers are both against the rules for the same reasons
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