司令英语三大类基本从句

2021年1月9日发(作者：秦载时)
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PART1：英语从句三大类型
按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。
一,名词性从句
1主语从句Whether it's right or not remains to be seen.
2宾语从句I wonder whether it's right or not.
3同位语从句This is a question whether it's right or not.
4表语从句The question is whether it's right or not.

二,定语从句
1限定性定语从句She is the student who can speak English well.
2非限定性定语从句She is the student,who can speak English well.

三,状语从句
1时间状语从句The fact will come out when he comes here.
2地点状语从句You can go wherever you like.
3原因状语从句Pay more attention to your lessons because you are a student.
4方式状语从句He walks as if he were a king.
5目的状语从句She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.
6结果状语从句She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.
7条件状语从句I will understand it if he tells me.
8让步状语从句He knows a lot though he is little.

PART2：经典名词性从句
主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主 语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主
语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关 联词有从
属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever,
whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however,
whenever, wherever等。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party? 你记得
他几乎是在宴会快结束时才到的吗？ This party's really
where it's at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！
Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,
你们是怎样提前完成这一艰巨任务的。
We have reason to believe that the fighting on the border may develop
into a full-blown war. (喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全
面战争。
He said that he would come. 他说他要来。
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球
比赛是否举行将视天气而定。


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表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导
表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what,
which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副
词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从
句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，
间或可以省略。
The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。
That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England
fields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.
当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈
述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非
谓语动词（动词不定式 、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由
从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词
when、where、how、why等引导。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。
I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’m so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出
席这个交际会，我很高兴。
I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在
报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。
Most of the Chinese people usually go to work on the bike except when it
rains.除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我，她来还是不来。

同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名 词fact，idea，
news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doub t，suggestion，warning, instruction，
reason，information, question等之后，对这 些名词进行说明或解释。引导同
位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词wha t, which, who, 以
及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事
实。
I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。

PART3：经典定语从句
1.窗户朝南的那间房间是我的。
The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces
south is mine.
1. 整座城市躺在废墟中，其中百分子75的工厂和大楼消失不见了。
The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.
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2. 我们公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。
Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are
women.
3. 那些被困在废墟里的人已经得救了。
Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.
4. 你们刚才谈论的那场地震好可怕呀！
The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The
earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.
5. 我的家人都是音乐爱好者，今晚将去看电影。
My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.
6. 我们正在看的这幢大楼过去曾经是一家医院。
The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.
7. 约翰向母亲说起过把他在国外见过的人和城市。
John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited
abroad.
8. 他是去过伦敦的一位以观光者之一。
He is one of the tourists who have been to London.
9. 他是这些观光者当中唯一去过伦敦的。
He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.
10. 这就是你们上个礼拜参观过的学校吗？
Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?
11. 这所学校就是你们上个礼拜参观过的那所吗？
Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?
12. 他们曾经居住过的是在这个地方里。
It is in this place that he once lived.
13. 这是他们曾经住过的地址。
It is the place where he once lived.
14. 他有两个儿子，每一位都看起来像他。
He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.
15. 他有连个儿子，并且每一个都看起来像他。
He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.
16. 这是一本封面是蓝色的书。
17. This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This
is a book,the cover of which is blue.
18. 他不说令她生气的话。He said nothing that made her angry.
19. 那就是他拒绝在会上发言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he
refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to
speak for at the meeting.
20. 那就是前几天麦克给我的理由。
That was the reason that/which Mac gave me.
21. 正如我们大家都知道的一样，比尔盖茨创建了微软公司。
As is known to us all, Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.
22. 比尔盖茨创建了微软公司是我们大家都知道的。
It is known to us all that Bill Gates founded Microsoft on his own.=That Bill Gates
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founded his own Microsoft is known to us all.
23. 是他那夹杂着乡村音乐，布鲁斯音乐和福音的风格成就了他的名气。你是同
谁一起去看的电影？
It is his voice, with his country, blues and Gospel styles, that made him famous. Who
was it that you went to the movie together with?=With whom was it that you went
to the movie together..
24. 他不像是那种把工作留下一半的那种人。
He isn’t such a man as would leave his work half done.
25. 我要用与你们工厂里用过相同的那种工具。
I prefer to use the same tools as were used in your factory.
26. 我丢了一本书，书名我一时记不起来了。
I have lost a book whose title escapes me at the moment.=I lost a book,of which
the title escapes me at the moment.
27. 像你在读的那本小说我不欣赏。
I don’t enjoy such a book as you are reading.=I don’t appreciate the same book as
you are reading.
28. 擦黑板的那一位应该受到表扬
The one who cleans the blackboard should be praised.。
29. 我在初中度过的那三年我永远不会忘记。
I will never forget the three years that I spent in the junior middle school
30. 那不是我做事情的方法。
That isn’t the way( in which/that) I do it.
31. 他们能用不同的方法拼写单词，这是你们发现有趣的方法。
They could spell words in different ways which/that you might find interesting.=They
could spell words by different means that /which you might find interesting.
32. 照现在的样子抄写这个表达词语，不要有任何更改。
Copy this expression as it is; don’t make any change.
33. 我们将尝试着帮助家长改善他们与孩子交谈的方式。
We will try to help parents improve the ways (that/in which) they talk with their
children.
34. 只有用这种方法才会停止比尔盖茨的快速成功。
Only in this way/by this means can Bill Gates’ quick success be stopped.=Only in this
way/By this means can they stop Bill Gate‘s quick success。
35. 这位在救援中左脚受伤的士兵，年仅二十岁。、
The soldier whose left foot got wounded during the rescue is only twenty years old.
36. 他们破坏法律的方式开始的时候是和平的。
At first the ways that/in which they broke the laws were peaceful.


PART4: 经典状语从句
1．条件状语从句：
1）Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.(
除非,若不；相当于if---not
)
即：If you are too tired,we’ll not go out for a walk.
2）You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.(只要，表示条件的唯
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