1636英语六大从句用法总结

2021年1月9日发(作者：刘祥民)
英语中六大从句用法总结
从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，
但 是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表
达的意义而言, 它相当于一个词或是一个词组.
按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分） ，从句可分为：主语
从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it 作形式主语，而
将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...
*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...
*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.

2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.

3)what,w ho,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述
语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.

2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介 词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑
问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他
介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well- written except that it is a bit too long.

2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.

3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词 后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词
移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.

3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表 语从句除可用
that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由be cause,as if(though)等引导。that常可省
略。如主句主语为reason,只 能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in
America.

The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.

It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.


4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的 名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意
义不同，也可用whether,wh o,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有
fact,idea ,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,o rder,problem,report,decision.有时由
于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于 谓语之后。

She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.

I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.

The news came that their team had won the championship.

5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是 名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词
之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。

*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行 词之后，无逗号，若省去，原
句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose ,which,that等。who,whom,whose
用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当 于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，
但只用于限制性定语从句中。 关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任
主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.

Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.

The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.

1)当先行词是all, anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时， 只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.

He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.

2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可