最喜欢的英文(完整版)初中英语从句__汇总

2021年1月9日发(作者：王纪宽)

从句专项
在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句， 表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、
副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、 结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

定语从句
定语从句（attributive clause），顾名思义，就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是 由形容词充当，所以定语从句又
称作形容词从句。另外，定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的，故又 称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例：
The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
先行词 定语从句
在所有的从句中，算定语从句最难掌握，因为汉语里没有定语从句，汉语里 只有定语，而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词

宾语从句
宾语从句是英语复合句中 的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做
介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that
只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分 例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为
否定形式。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替
换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
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C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在
句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
二，宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
lCould you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?

C、同位语从句
(一) 概念
一般来说，在主从复合句中,用作同位 语的从句叫同位语从句。它通常跟在某些名词之后，用以说明或解释该名词表示的具体内容。
可以跟同位 语从句的名词通常有：advice, decision, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, promise, proposal, reply, report, suggestion,
word（消息），problem， question, doubt, thought等。例如：
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They were delighted at the news that their team had won.
当听到他们队获胜的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come？你从哪儿听说我不能来？
有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。 如：
The thought came to him that Tom might have returned the book.
他突然想起汤姆可能已经还了书了。
（二）引导词
[寻规找矩] 请仔细观察下列句子，注意从句引导词的用法。
1. The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.
2. He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
3. The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.
4. I have no idea what the boy is doing in the next room now.
5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.
6. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.
7. I have no idea when he will be back．
[小结归纳]
① that引导同位语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句1；
② whether引导同位语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替,如句2;
③ 连接代词who, what等可以引导同位语从句，如句3， 4；
④ 连接副词where, how, when等可以引导同位语从句， 如句5，6，7。
(三) that 引导的同位语从句和定语从句
① 意义不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；而定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的先行词。试比较：
1. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 2. The news that you told us is really encouraging.
[分析] 句1中that引导同位语从句，说明“news”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。 句2中that引导定语从句，对“news”加以限定：
是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。
② that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句 时，不仅起连接作用，而且还指代先
行词并在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。试比较：
1. Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.
2. Dad made a promise that excited all his children.
[分析] 句1中 that引导 同位语从句，其中that无词义，也不充当任何成分；
句2中that引导定语从句，that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语，且that可以用whic h替换。
③ 可否省略：that在引导同位语从句时，通常不可省略。在引导定语从句时，若在从句 中作宾语，通常可以省略，若作主语则不可
以省略。
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[即学即用]
I． 请用适当的词填空，使下列句子意思完整。
1. They expressed the hope _______ they would come over to China soon.
2. The fact _______ he didn’t see Tom this morning is true.
3. Word has come _______ some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.
4. He can’t answer the question _______ he got the money from his home yesterday.
5. Do you have any idea _______ is actually going on in the classroom?
6. The problem _______ we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.
II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。
1. Our team has won the game, that made us very happy.
2. I’ve come with a message from Mr Wang how he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.
3. He must answer the question if he agrees with what she said or not.
4. I’ve read the book where you gave me the day before yesterday.
5. One of the men held the pinion when what the book said was right.
III． 把下列句子翻译成英语。
1. 我向他许诺说我一到北京就给他写信。
2. 他经常问我这个问题，那就是这个工作是否值得做。
3. 他什么也不说，这一事实使大家都感到惊奇。
4. 在我看来，他刚才告诉我的这个消息是真实的。
5. 他突然想起他本来应该去接儿子的。


Key:
I. 1. that 2. that 3. that 4. how 5. what
6. whether
II. 1 that→which 2. how→that 3. if→whether
4. where→that / which或省略where
5. when→that 6. that→how
III. 1. I made a promise that I would write to him as soon as I got to Beijing.
2. He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.
3. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
4. In my opinion, the news (that / which) he told me just now is true．
5. A thought suddenly came to him that he should have picked up his son.
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