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rewarding高中英语从句大全汇总!

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2021-01-09 09:52
tags:英语, 高中教育

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2021年1月9日发(作者:邵建初)
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有关概念
由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句, 就是在复合句中起统领作用
的句子,它是全句的主体,通常可以独立存在;而从句则是复合句的一个句子 成分,不能独立存在。
如:
You’ll feel better after you take the pills.
The police learned that he wasn
吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
警察获知他那时不在场。’t there at that time.
这两句都是复合句,第一句的主句是You’ll feel better,从句是after you take the pills
The police learned
,由after
引导,在整个复合句中用作状语,
wasn’t there at that time
表示时间;第二句的主句是
是从句,由
是主句,that he
t hat引导,在整个复合句中用作宾语。
注意,英语的复合句不是简单句的反面,不要将它误解为“复杂 句”。事实上,英语的简单句有时
也可以比较“复杂”,而复合句也可以比较“简单”。如:
H e stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
其中的he stopped是主句,because he was tir ed这个句子比较“简单”,却是一个典型的复合句,
是从句,在复合句中用作状语,表示原因。
02
从句的分类
前面我们说到从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分,它可以用作主语、宾语、 定语、状语等。一般说
来,一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作 主语,我们就叫
它为主语从句;从句在复合句用作宾语,我们就叫它为宾语从句;从句在复合句用作状语 ,我们就
叫它为状语从句;等等。
如:
He answered that he knew nothing about it.
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
He was rather pleased when he won that prize.
She was not in the train that arrived just now.
他回答说他不知情。
麻烦的是 我把他的地址丢了。
他获奖后相当高兴。
她不在刚到的那列车上。
第一句中的that he knew nothing about it为宾语从句,因为它在复合句中用作动词answered
的宾语;第二句中的that I have lost his address为表语从句,因为它在复合句中用在连系动词
is后作表语;第三句中的when he won that prize为状语从句,因为它在复合句中用状语,表示
时间,所以也叫时间状语从 句;第四句中的that arrived just now为定语从句,因为它在复合句
中用作定语,修饰名词the train。
判断关系代词 与关系副词
方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就 必须
要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系 代词
关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句:
This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句:
This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one
做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum
词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对, 所以选A。
/

关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾 语时,选择关系代词
whom, that, which, whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where
(who,
地点状语,
when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。
语法小知识:主将从现的标 志词
主将从现是一种出现在状语从句中的语法现象,多指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,当主句是< br>一般将来时态,则从句要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
因为主将从现出现在状语从句中,在这里 我们就以状语从句的几个类别为根据来列举主将从现的标
志性词语。
时间状语从句
wh en, whenever, since, till, once, as soon as, while, as, before, after
如:I will be a math teacher when I grow up.
条件状语从句
if, unless, as(so)long as
如:If I have extra money, I will pay the bill for you.
原因状语从句
because, since, as, for, now that
如:The tutor will leave here now that you have no problems.
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, however
如:Though you have advantages in this match, I will not give up.
目的状语从句
in order that, so that, that
如:In order that Lily can get the prize, we will have a planin detail.
在条件状语从句中,如果主语是一般将来时 ,从句要用一般现在时。
一个句子的中心意思体现在主句中,所以判断是否使用主将从现首先要做的是区 分主从句。当找到
主句,分析其时态为一般将来时或借助某些结构表达将来含义时,则从句使用一般现在 时态。
1.用“连词+分词”来替代从句
当主句和从句的主语一致,谓语的时态又是同时段发生 ,可以把从句的主语省去,变谓语动词为现
在分词或过去分词。如果分词的逻辑或时间意义不明确,还可 以保留连词。
Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats.
客人们一边吃蛋糕、喝饮料以及享用其它的食品,一边却在一起聊天。
While speaking out against Hitler
s atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality.
虽然美国人谴责希特勒的暴行,但是他们却一惯奉行孤立政策和中立态度。
Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped i
n a mold.
注 :如果从句的谓语是系动词be,在简化句型时应该把be动词改成being,但是由于being

语义
意义,所以可以省略,这样就造成了形容词作状语了。
These apples, when ripe, are picked.
这些苹果一旦熟了就要被摘下来。
She knows all the hazards of smoking while pregnant.
她知道怀孕时吸烟的一切危害性。
2. 用“介词+分词”来替代从句
一般说来,用on和at表示“as soon as, once”。o n后面常接“来、去”之类的词,
while”。
at后面常
接“听到、看到”之类的 词。in后面接其他带动作的词,相对于从属连词“
On removing them he was stunned to see that the plates were fogged where the crystals
had covered them.
当他把晶体揭开时,发现盘子上方雾蒙蒙,他吃了一惊。
In running down the stairs, I heard the clock struck twelve.
我在跑下楼的时候,听见钟敲了十二下。
He jumped with joy at hearing the news.
他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。
3. 用“介 词+动作性名词”来替代从句
同上面一样,
的词;用
的分类。
At基本上后接 sound,sight“听到、看到”之类的词;on接“回来、到达”之类
in,during表示 “when, while”;用over表示“while”之意。当然,这一切都是相对
The little girl passed out at sight of a snake.
小女孩一看到蛇就昏过去了。
In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way.
当我们急急忙忙从这儿到那儿的时候,一路上什么也没有看见。
On arrival at the railway station, he found the train had already left.
当他到达火车站的时候,他发现火车已经开走了。
He had intended to go, but on second thoughts, he gave up the idea.
他本来想去,但进一步考虑后,打消了这个念头。
During my absence, would you please take care of my cat?
在我不在的时候,请帮我照看一下猫,好吗?
He fell asleep over a book.
他看书的时候睡着了。
After reelection he announces that he will not help.
经过一番考虑后,他宣布将不提供任何帮助。
After graduation, he went to America for his PhD studies.
毕业之后,他去了美国攻读博士。
4. 用“并列句”代替
Two other poses were tried and I emerged from the booth to find a lot people waiting fo
r my signatures. < br>又试了两个其他的姿势后,我从拍照亭里出来,发现很多人在那里等待我的签名。
名词性从句(主 语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)
主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的 充当的成分和其名称相同,分别作主句
的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。上述这四种从句均被称为名词性从 句。所有的名词性从句均不能用
逗号分开,并且它们都用相同的关联词,关联词如下:
①主从连 词:that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)(在句子中不充当任何成分)
②连接代词:who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个)
③连接副词:when (什么时候), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (为什么)
主从连词 只起连接作用,连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外,还充当从句某一个成分。另外,
可以用what ever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句,来加强语气。
(一)主语从句(subject clause)
在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。
例如:
That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
That the moon moves round the earth is well known to all of us.月球绕地球转动,这是我们
大家都熟知的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide.
主语从句放在句首,句 子常常显得比较笨重,因此通常可以把
会议什么时候召开还没有决定。
it放在句首,作形式主 语,而将主语
从句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别改写为:
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.
It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.
It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.
(二)宾语从句(object clause)< br>在主句中作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。
在引导宾语从句时, 从属连词that在口语中和非正式文本中常省略。
(1)动词后的宾语从句
We know that a parrot can’t really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。
He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。
Knowing that it was going to rain, they decided to work inside the house.
知道要下雨了,于是他们决定在室内工作。(现在分词knowing的宾语从句)
I want to know whether/if you still work in the factory.
我想知道你是否还在工厂工作。(不定式to know的宾语从句)
The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
Up to now we can’t say whether his theory can stand the test.
到目前为止我们还不能说他的理论是否经得住 考验。
(2)形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词可以用that引导宾语从句,表示说话人对某一事 物的态度并带有感情色彩。常见的这
类形容词有:
afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad, grateful,
proud, sad, sorry, sure, surprised等。
I am glad that you have come. 你来了,我真高兴。
I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.恐怕你在这点上是错误的。
He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.他很有信心通过这个考试。
(三)表语从句(predicative clause)
在主句中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。
One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。
The problem is where we can hold our meeting.问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。
happy,
My question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.
储存在长期记忆中的。
我的问题是信息是怎样
That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的东西。
It seems that everything goes smoothly.似乎一切都进行得很顺利。
(四)同位语从句< br>同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词
同,也可用whether,who ,when,where,what,why,how
that
等引导。
引导,由于先 行名词的意义不
常见的先行名词有:
fact,idea,belief,news,hope ,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,repo rt,decision.
有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。如:
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
?
名词性从句的用法及定义
?
1.that 引导主语从句时,that 没有意义,但不能省略。
她的头发正在变白,这使她很不安。It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.
that引导主语从句,it作形式主语,that不能省略。
That she is a rich woman is known to us all.
语从句,that 不能省略。
这句话可以改为用it 作形式主语的句型。
众所周知,她是个富有的女人。这是that 引导主
2.从句作主语时,多数情况下由
括宾语)较短的情况下。
it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后面,尤其是谓语部分(包

①It wasn’t very clear what she meant.
②It is important that he should come on time.
不清楚她是什么意思。
他按时来是很重要的。
左边那个人是本地的一位著③It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here.
名作家,这是真的。这里,第一个that 引导主语从句,是单纯的连词,无词义,不作句子成分。
man 的定语。第二个that 是指示代词,作句子成分,是
3.whether
可以加or not,
既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句,但
而if 不能与or not 连用。作介词宾语时不用
if不能引导主语从句。
if.如:
whether 后面
①Whether I knew John doesn
否认识约翰没有关系。
’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是
②Whether or not she
isn’t clear whether
’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It
…. 她是否来还不清楚。
③It all depends
是形式主语吗?
on whether we can get their cooperation.
引导的是宾语从句,作介词
这是主语从句还是宾语从句?
on 的宾语,不能用if引导。请
it
it 是代词,whether
翻译这句话。这完全取决于我们是否能得到他们的合作。
④I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
句话。
宾语从句,介词宾语,不能用if 引导。请翻译这
⑤She asked me whether/if you were married.
导。注意时态的对应。请翻译这句话。
宾语从句,既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引
⑥We haven’t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.
⑦I’m not sure whether/if the report is believable.
⑧Now let’s do some translation:现在还很难预测谁会赢得下一届总统选举。
⑨It is still hard to predict who will win the next presidential election.
当选总统无关紧要。
对于多数公民来说,谁

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