packaging流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2

2021年1月9日发(作者：金道铭)
流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 1
The Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago.
The first life appeared about a billion years later.
The first plants didn't appear until around 2 billion years ago.
Until about 580 million years ago, life forms were small and microscopic.
Since that time, life has evolved into many different types, or species.
However, scientists estimate that more than 99% of them are now extinct.

There have been several extinction events in the history of the Earth.
In an extinction event many life forms, or species of life, die out.
The causes of mass extinction events are unsolved mysteries.
These events are not predictable and can happen at any time.
Scientists think that some of them were started by asteroid impacts or volcanic
eruptions.
Events like these can change the global conditions that life depends on.

One major extinction event happened about 66 million years ago.
That event may have been started by a large asteroid that hit the Earth.
As a result, the dinosaurs and about half of all species on the planet died out.
When the asteroid hit the earth, it started a chain of events.
A chain of events is a series of events linked together, like a chain.

This particular chain of events happened over a period of months and years.
When the asteroid hit the Earth, it caused a huge cloud of dust to enter the
atmosphere.
This cloud of dust blocked the sun and darkened the Earth for many months.

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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
Without enough sunlight, plants and plant-eating animals quickly died.
With the deaths of so many plants and animals, the food chain collapsed.
This led to the deaths of many more species.

Mass extinction events have played an important part in the evolution of life.
In fact, some extinction events have helped to accelerate evolution.
For example, some mammals lived through the age of the dinosaurs, but they couldn't
compete.
When the dinosaurs were removed, the mammals were able to compete more
successfully.
Once they could compete, mammals evolved to a higher state.
Without extinction events, perhaps we wouldn't be here today.

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Listening - Extinction Events 2
Scientists estimate that there have been at least 5 mass extinctions in the last 540
million years.
They also believe that we have entered a new extinction event.
Species are becoming extinct at a much faster rate than before.
Instead of asteroids or volcanic eruptions, the current event is the result of human
activities.
Human activities, for example, have led to global warming.

Global warming is the result of an increase in carbon gases in our atmosphere.
These gases trap heat from the sun, so the Earth is getting warmer.
As a result, sea levels are rising and weather patterns are changing.
In addition, we humans are destroying the habitats of many plants and animals.
Cutting down forests and polluting rivers destroys the habitats of many forms of life.

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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2

There is no longer any doubt that this is happening
Species of life are disappearing at an increasing rate.
Global temperatures are rising and weather patterns are changing.
Scientists are warning us that fast action is necessary to save our future.
If we don't act, we may go the way of the dinosaurs.

(This new extinction event is caused by humans.)

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Body Systems
The body's circulatory system includes the heart and blood vessels.
The heart pumps blood to all parts of the body through a network of arteries and
veins.
The digestive system breaks down and absorbs food into the body.
It supplies the energy that the body needs for growth and repair.
After digestion, excess food is turned into waste and eliminated from the body.
The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
This is your body's control system.
It controls your muscles and organs, including your circulatory and digestive systems.
The respiratory system includes the nose and lungs.
It brings air and oxygen into the body and removes carbon dioxide.
The lungs are where oxygen enters the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is removed.
The immune system protects the body against infections and diseases.
Sneezing and fever are examples of how the immune system works.
If an infection invades the body, the immune system attacks it.


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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
(The blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart are called arteries.)
(The digestive system is where food is broken down and absorbed into the body.)
(The nervous system regulates your heartbeat and digestion.)

Level4 Unit2 Part1 Vocabulary - Great Discoveries
The controlled use of fire allowed people to cook food and survive in the colder
climates.
Fire provided light so that people could work and socialize for longer hours.
With the invention of agriculture, people could grow food and settle into
communities.
By growing food, people could spend less time hunting and more time for other things
such as art.
The domestication of animals allowed people to raise and use animals for food and
work.
By raising herds of animals such as sheep, humans had a regular supply of meat and
clothing.
The strength of animals such as horses and oxen was used for work and
transportation.
The development of tools and machines has resulted in more efficient manufacturing
and construction.
With better tools and machines, work can be done with fewer people and at much
lower costs.
The development of science and engineering has improved many things, including
communications.
With an understanding of electricity, telephones and radios allow people to
communicate over long distances.

(Science and engineering have changed the way we communicate with each other.)
(With the development of agriculture, people had more time for other activities.)

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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
(The use of machines has reduced the number of people needed to make things.)


Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Smartphone Addiction
I took a vacation last night.
What are you talking about?
Where did you take your vacation?
I didn't go anywhere.
I just spent an evening without my smartphone.
How was it?
It was great. I got a real magazine and read it with no interruption.
It was very peaceful.
Yes, I haven't done that in a long time.

You know what?
I'm beginning to hate smartphones.
Really? but you can't live without one, right?
Yes, that's the problem.
These things are changing the way people live.

Yes, I just saw a documentary about that.
A husband was complaining to his wife that she was spending too much time on her
smartphone.
What happened? Did they get a divorce?
You guessed it. In the end, they got a divorce.


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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
It's a bit ironic, don't you think?
Smartphone were supposed to bring people together, but they are pulling people apart.
Yes, you are right.
Hey, just a minute. I've got a message on my smartphone, and it can't wait.
Level4 Unit2 Part1 Dialogue - Rude Boss
Hey, wake up and get back to work.
What's wrong with you?
I'm on my break sir, and I have a bad headache.
Well, we are not paying you to sleep.
If you're going to sleep, sleep someplace else.
Yes, sir, sorry, it won't happen again.
It had better not.

Just a minute.
Don't talk to me like that.
What did you say?
You hurt me. you don't have to treat people like that.
Well, if you don't like it, I suggest you leave.
OK, I will. I've had enough of you.
I'll get a job somewhere else.

(The manager treats the employees in a threatening manner.)
(The employee treats the manager respectfully.)


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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 1
This man is holding a piece of fruit in his hand.
The piece of fruit is either an orange or an apple.
We can’t see which it is because we can’t see inside the box.
The probability that it is an orange is equal to the probability that it is an apple.
It may be an apple, and it may be an orange.
It’s got to be one or the other.
It can’t be anything else.

Now let’s look at it from the man’s point of view.
From his point of view, the probabilities are different.
From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.
That’s because he knows what he has.
For him there is no uncertainty.
If he has an orange, the probability is 100%.
If he doesn’t have an orange, the probability is 0%.
He either has it or he doesn’t.

From our point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 50%.
From his point of view, the probability that he has an orange is 100% or 0%.
So the probability depends on your point of view.

Level4 Unit2 Part2 Listening - Point of View 2
People see things from different points of view.
This often leads to arguments between people.

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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
Here are some examples.
From this man’s point of view, he is relaxing.
He needs to relax because he has been working too hard.
He hasn’t been getting enough sleep.

His wife sees things differently.
She isn’t aware of how hard he has been working.
From her point of view, he is doing nothing.
However, she knows what needs to be done around the house.
It isn’t fair that she has to work while he does nothing.

When people see things from different points of view, they often come to different
conclusions.
These differences can cause real communication problems.

Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – Disasters
Earthquakes are caused by forces deep within the Earth.
When the earth shakes, buildings can collapse and people can be buried inside.
An explosion is a rapid, violent release of energy.
Explosions can be caused by chemical reactions, such as inside an engine.
A spark can ignite a mixture of gases, and release energy for good or destructive
purposes.
Accidents are often caused by people doing foolish things or by not being careful.
One major cause of accidents is driving too fast.
Accidents with fire can be very serious, and can result in very painful injuries.
Epidemics are the rapid spread of a disease, such as the flu or ebola.
Throughout history, epidemics have killed millions of people.

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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
Storms are caused by changes in the atmosphere resulting in high winds and heavy
rain.
Thunderstorms are caused by electric charges in the atmosphere that produce
lightning, which can cause forest fires.
Some storms cause flooding, and major damage to homes and cities.

Followers of the islam religion are called Muslims.
These Muslims are praying inside a mosque.
Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.
Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years
ago.
Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.
Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.
Followers of Judaism are called Jews.
These Jews are meeting inside the synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.
Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago, in the middle east.
Judaism is based on the teaching of Moses, who they believe is the most important
prophet.
Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.
The religion is about 25 hundred years old.
Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any
thought.
Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.
Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.
Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.

Level4 Unit2 Part2 Vocabulary – Religions

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流利说_懂你英语_Level4_Unit2
vFollowers of the islam religion are called Muslims.
These Muslims are praying inside a Mosque.
Muslims are called to prayer 5 times a day, beginning just before sunrise.
Christianity is based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, who lived more than 2000 years
ago.
Christians believe that Jesus is the son of god.
Christians often gather in churches or cathedrals to worship.
Followers of Judaism are called Jews.
These Jews are meeting inside a synagogue, which is a place of worship and study.
Judaism was founded over 35 hundred years ago in the Middle East.
Judaism is based on the teachings of Moses, who they believe is the most
important prophet.
Buddhism began in India and is based on the teachings of the Buddha.
The religion is about 25 hundred years old.
Some Buddhists practice a form of meditation in which they empty their minds of any
thought.
Hinduism is the world’s third most popular religion and is the main religion of India.
Hinduism has no founder and is a mixture of many beliefs.
Some Hindus believe in the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth.

Level4 Unit2 Part2 Dialogue - Missing Aircraft
Do you have any more information about the location of the missing aircraft?
No, we don’t. The only information we have is that it disappeared.
What about the last communication with the aircraft?
The last communication was about 15 minutes before it disappeared.
Was there anything unusual in the communication?
No, there wasn't anything unusual.

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