珍珍薯片新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册课文翻译(全)

2021年1月9日发(作者：黄凯芹)
新视野大学英语 第二册 读写教程 课文翻译

Unit 1 Text A An impressive English Lesson
标题: 一堂难忘的英语课
1. 如果我是唯一一个还在纠正小孩英语的家长，那么我儿子也许是对的。对他
而言，我是一个乏味的怪物：一个他不得不听其教诲的父亲，一个还沉湎于语法规则的人，对
此 我儿子似乎颇为反感。
2. 我觉得我是在最近偶遇我以前的一位学生时，才开始对这个问题认真起来
的。这个学生刚从欧洲旅游回来。我满怀着诚挚期待问她：“欧洲之行如何？”
3. 她点了三四下头，绞尽脑汁，苦苦寻找恰当的词语，然后惊呼：“真是，哇！”
4. 没了。所有希腊文明和罗马建筑的辉煌居然囊括于一个浓缩的、不完整的语
句之中！我的学生以“哇！”来表示她的惊叹，我只能以摇头表达比之更强
烈的忧虑。
5. 关于正确使用英语能力下降的问题，有许多不同的故事。学生的确本应该能
够区分诸如 theirtherethey're 之间的不同，或区别 complimentary 跟complementary 之间显而
易见的差异。由于这些知识缺陷，他们承受着大部分不该承受 的批评和指责，因为舆论认为他
们应该学得更好。
6. 学生并不笨，他们只是被周围所看到和听到的语言误导了。举例来说，杂货
店的指示牌会把他们引向 stationary（静止处），虽然便笺本、相册、和笔记本等真正的 stationery
（文具用品）并没有被钉在那儿。朋友和亲人常宣
称 They've just ate。实际上，他们应该说 They've just eaten。因此，批评学生不合乎清理。
7. 对这种缺乏语言功底而引起的负面指责应归咎于我们的学校。学校应对英语
熟练程度制定出更高的标准 。可相反，学校只教零星的语法，高级词汇更是少之又少。还有就
是，学校的年轻教师显然缺乏这些重要 的语言结构方面的知识，因为他们过去也没接触过。学
校有责任教会年轻人进行有效的语言沟通，可他们 并没把语言的基本框架一一准确的语法和恰
当的词汇一一充分地传授给学生。
8. 因为语法对大多数年轻学生而言枯燥且乏味，所以我觉得讲授语法得一步一
步、注重技巧地进行。有一天机会来了。我跟儿子开车外出。我们出发时，
他看到一只小鸟飞得很不稳，就说：“它飞的不稳。（It's flying so unsteady.)我小心翼翼地问：
“儿子，鸟怎么飞?”“有问题吗？我说得不对吗？（Did I say anything incorrectly?）”他一头雾水。
“太好了，你说的是 incorrectly 而不是 incorrect。我们用副词来描述动词。所以，要用 unsteadily
来描述鸟飞，而不是 unsteady。”
9. 他对我的纠正很好奇，就问我什么是副词。我慢慢解释道：“副词是用来修
饰动词的词。”这又导致了 他询问我什么是动词。我解释说：“动词是表示行为的词，例如：爸
爸开卡车。‘开’是动词，因为它是 爸爸在做的事。”
10. 他开始对表示行为的词产生兴趣，所以我们又罗列了几个动词：“飞行”、
“游泳”、“跳水”、“跑 步”。然后，他又好奇地问我，其他的词有没有说明它们的用法和功能的
名称。这就引发了我们对名词、 形容词和冠词的讨论。在短短十分钟的驾驶时间内，他从对语
法一无所知到学会了句子中主要词语的词性 。这是一次毫无痛苦而又非常有趣的学习经历。
11. 也许，语言应该被看成是一张路线图和一件 珍品：我们要常常查看路线图（核对语法）和
调整汽车的引擎（调节词汇）。学好语法和掌握大量的词汇 就好
比拿着路线图在车况良好的车里驾驶。
12. 路线图为你的旅行提供所需的基本路线和路途指南，可是它不会告诉你一路上你究竟会看

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见什么树或什么花，你会遇见什么样的人，或会有什么样的感
受。这里，词汇会使你的旅途变 得五彩缤纷、栩栩如生。大量的词汇让你享受到开车途中所见
的点点滴滴。借助语法和丰富的词汇，你就 有了灵活性，掌控自如。路线图会把你带到目的地，
而一台好车却能让你完全陶醉于旅途
的所有景色、声音及经历之中。
13. 对学生来说，有效、准确且富有成效的沟通技能取 决于语法和词汇这两大有利条件，可是
学校并没有教他们这些。
14. 就在今天早上，我跟儿子吃早饭时，我想把牛奶加入我的茶里。“爸爸，”
他说，“如果我是你的话，我不会这样做。牛奶会变酸。（If I were you, I wouldn't do that. It's sour.）
15. “哦，上帝！”我满怀着无比的骄傲说道，“这是一个语法完全正确的句子。你用了 were 而
不是 was。”
16. “我知道，我知道，”他愉悦地舒了口气，“这是虚拟语气！”
17. 这下轮到我“哇！”了。

Unit 2 Section A The humanities: Out of date?
人文学科：过时了吗？
1 When the going gets tough, the tough take accounting. When the job market worsens, many
students calculate they can't major in English or history. They have to study something that boosts
their prospects of landing a job.
1 当形势变得困难时，强者会去选学会计。 当就业市场恶化时，许多学生估算着他们不能 再
主修英语或历史。他们得学一些能改善他们就业前景的东西。

2 The data show that as students have increasingly shouldered the ever-rising cost of tuition, they
have defected from the study of the humanities and toward applied science and
bet will lead to employment. In other words, a college education is more and more seen as a means
for economic betterment rather than a means for human betterment. This is a trend that is likely to
persist and even accelerate.
2 数据显示，随着学生肩负的学费不断增加，他们已从学习人文学科转向他们相信有益于 将
来就业的应用科学和“硬”技能。 换言之，大学教育越来越被看成是改善经济而不是提升人 类
自身的手段。 这种趋势可能会持续，甚至有加快之势。

3 Over the next few years, as labor markets struggle, the humanities will probably continue their long
slide in succession. There already has been a nearly 50 percent decline in the portion of liberal arts
majors over the past generation, and it is logical to think that the trend is bound to continue or even
accelerate. Once the dominant pillars of university life, the humanities now play little roles when
students take their college tours. These days, labs are more vivid and compelling than libraries.
3 在未来几年内，由于劳动力市场的不景气，人文学科可能会继续其长期低迷的态势。 在 上
一代大学生中，主修文科的学生数跌幅已近 50%。这种趋势会持续、甚至加速的想法是 合情
合理的。 人文学科曾是大学生活的重要支柱，而今在学生们的大学游中却只是一个小 点缀。
现在，实验室要比图书馆更栩栩如生、受人青睐。

4 Here, please allow me to stand up for and promote the true value that the humanities add to

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people's lives. Since ancient times, people have speculated about the mystery of those inner forces
that drive some people to greatness and others to self-destruction. This inner drive has been called
many things over the centuries. The famous psychologist, Sigmund Freud, called it the
mind
4 在这儿，请允许我为人文学科给人们的生活所增添的真实价值进行支持和宣传。 自古以 来，
人们一直在思索人类自身具有什么神奇的内力使一些人变得崇高伟大，而使另一些人走 向自
我毁灭。 几个世纪以来，这股内力被称作很多东西。 著名的心理学家西格蒙德·弗洛伊 德称
之为“潜意识”，或更为人熟知的“本能”。

5 From the beginning of time, this inner aspect of our being, this drive that can be constructive or
destructive, has captured our imagination. The stories of this amazing struggle have formed the basis
of cultures the world over. Historians, architects, authors, philosophers and artists have captured the
words, images and meanings of this inner struggle in the form of story, music, myth, painting,
architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions. These men and women developed artistic

of work from ancient times, the very foundation of civilization, forms the basis of study of the
humanities.
5 从一开始，人类这股可以是建设性也可以是毁灭性的内在驱动力，就令我们心驰神往。 这 些
惊人的、充满内心挣扎的故事形成了世界文化的基础。 历史学家、建筑师、作家、哲学 家和
艺术家们以故事、音乐、神话、绘画、建筑、雕刻、风景画和传统的形式，捕捉到了这 些撞
击心灵的文字、形象及内涵。 这些男男女女创造出了具有艺术性的“语言”，帮助我们了 解人
类的这些强烈愿望，并用以教育一代又一代人。 从古时起开始的这些充满想象的大量 作品，
正是文明的底蕴，它奠定了人文研究的基础。

6 Studying the humanities improves our ability to read and write. No matter what we do in life, we
will have a huge advantage if we can read complex ideas and understand their meaning. We will have
a bright career if we are the person in the office who can write a clear and elegant analysis of those
ideas!
6 学习人文学科会提高我们的阅读和写作能力。 无论我们这一生中从事什么职业，如果我 们
能读懂复杂的思想并理解它们的内涵，我们都会受益匪浅。 如果我们是在办公室里能对 这些
思想写出既明确又简洁的分析的人，我们会有光明的职业前景。

7 Studying the humanities makes us familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process.
In an information economy, many people have the ability to produce a useful product such as a new
MP3 player. Yet, very few people have the ability to create a spectacular brand: the iPod. Most
importantly, studying the humanities invests us with great insight and self-awareness, thereby
releasing our creative energy and talent in a positive and constructive manner.
7 学习人文学科会让我们熟悉表达情感的语言及进行创造的过程。 在信息经济中，很多人 都
有能力创造出一个如新的 MP3 播放器那样的有用产品。 然而，仅有很少的人具有能力创 造
出一个如 iPod 那样的精彩品牌。 最重要的是，学习人文学科使我们具有伟大的洞察力和 自
我意识，从而以积极和建设性的方式来发挥我们的创造力和才艺。

8 Perhaps the best argument in favor of the humanities is the scope of possibilities that are widely
open to us. Did you know that James Cameron, world-famous director of the movie, Titanic,

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graduated with a degree in the humanities? So did Sally Ride, the first woman in space. So did actors
Bruce Lee, Gwyneth Paltrow, Renee Zellweger and Matt Damon. Dr. Harold Varmus, who won a
Nobel Prize for Medicine, studied the humanities. Even Michael Eisner, Chairman of the Disney
Company, majored in the humanities. Famous people who studied the humanities make a long list
indeed. It's easy to see that the humanities can prepare us for many different careers and jobs we can
undertake, whether medicine, business, science or entertainment. If we study only mathematics, it's
likely we will be a candidate only for jobs as a mathematician. If we include studying the humanities,
we can make breakthroughs on many barriers and are limited only by our effort and imagination.
8 也许，支持人文学科的最好论点是，人文学科为我们提供了广阔的机会。 你知道世界闻 名
的电影《泰坦尼克号》的导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆拿的是人文学科的学位吗？第一个登上太空 的女
宇航员萨利·赖德拿的也是人文学科的学位。 还有电影演员李小龙、格温妮丝·帕特洛、 蕾妮·齐
薇格及马特·达蒙，也都如此。 获诺贝尔医学奖的哈罗德·瓦慕斯博士也学过人文学 科。 甚
至迪士尼公司的总裁迈克尔·艾斯纳也主修人文学科。 学习人文学科的有名人士确实 可以列
出一长串。 显而易见，人文学能为我们从事许多不同的职业做准备，不管是医学、 商务、科
学或娱乐。 如果我们仅学习数学，我们很可能只能申请数学家之类的工作。 如果 我们还学
了人文学科，那我们就能突破许多障碍，只要我们愿意付出努力，敢于想象。

9 Of course, nowadays, if we study the humanities alone, we are liable to miss many opportunities.
Each one of us needs to become as technically and professionally skilled as possible to help meet the
needs of modern life. In fact, increasingly a pairing of technical knowledge and inner insight is seen
as the ideal in the establishment of a career. If I were the Dean of Admissions at a medical school and
two people applied to our school, both having the required basic scientific courses, one a philosophy
major and the other solely a pre- med student, the philosophy applicant would be chosen.
9 当然，在当下，如果我们单学人文学科，可能会失去很多机会。 我们每个人都需要尽可 能
变得技能化、职业化，以满足现代生活的需要。 事实上，技术知识和内在洞察力的结合 越来
越被看成是建立职业生涯的理想搭配。 如果我是某个医学院的招生部主任，有两个人 同时申
请我们学校，这两个人都学过基础的科学课程，一个主修哲学，另一个仅是医学院的 预科生，
我会选择那位哲学专业的申请者。

10 In summary, the humanities help to create well-rounded human beings with insight and
understanding of the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity. The humanities, the
ancient timeless reservoir of knowledge, teach us to see things differently and broaden our horizons.
They are as useful and relevant in our modern age as they have always been. Doesn't it make sense
to spend some time in the company of the humanities, our outstanding and remarkable treasure of
knowledge? Who knows how famous YOU might become!
10 总之，人文学科帮助造就全面发展的人，这些人具有洞察力，并理解全人类共有的激情、
希望和理想。 人文学科，这个古老、永恒的知识储蓄库，教我们如何以不同的方式看待事 物，
同时也拓宽我们的视野。 在现代社会中，人文学科一如既往地同生活息息相关，也发 挥着重
要作用。 我们在学习中花一些时间与人文学科——我们杰出、非凡的知识宝藏—— 相伴，这
难道不是明智的吗？ 谁知道你将来会变得多有名气呢！


Unit 3 section A Journey through the odyssey years

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奥德赛岁月之旅
1 Most of us know about the phases of life which we label to parallel different age groups and life
stages: childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. We think of infancy before childhood and
middle age before old age, with each unique phase bringing its own peculiar set of challenges. These
challenges can be overcome by acquainting ourselves with them, such as the child's need to learn, the
adult's need to find the right career and build a family, and the senior's need for support and good
health care.
1 我们大多数人都知道，根据不同的年龄和生活阶段，人生可与此平行划分为童年、青春 期、
成年和老年这四个阶段。 我们把这些阶段想象为婴儿在童年之前，中年在老年之前， 每个阶段都会面临一系列特有的挑战，如孩子对学习的需要，成人对找到合适的职业生涯和建立一个
家庭的 需要，以及年长者对得到帮助和良好医疗保健的需要。通过对它们的充分了 解，我们
就可以战胜这些挑战。

2 Interestingly, ideas about the stages of life are changing.
2 有趣的是，关于人生阶段的观念正在发生变化。

3 In previous times, people didn't have a solid idea of childhood as being separate from adulthood. A
hundred years ago, no one thought of adolescence. Until recently it was understood as a norm that
their induction to adulthood was completed as soon as they graduated from college. They would now
find a sensible job which would lead to a career. Then during this career they would start a family,
ideally before they turned 30.
3 在先前的年代，人们并没有一种固有的把童年和成年分开的想法。 一百年前，谁也没有 想
到过青春期。 直到最近，人们还很自然地认为：只要他们一从大学毕业，他们的成人入 门阶
段就结束了。 他们就会找到一份把他们引入职业生涯的合适的工作。 然后在此职业生 涯期
间，他们会成家，三十岁之前成家更为理想。

4 Today we have an equivalent need to recognize a new phase of life that comes after high school
graduation, continues through college, and then leads to starting a family and having a career, the
so-called odyssey years. Recent trends show radical changes as young people are following a
different agenda. They take breaks from school, live with friends and often return to living with their
parents. Similarly, they fall in and out of love, quit one job and try another or even shift to a new
career. So, we need to recognize this new stage, the odyssey years, which many now consider to be
an unavoidable stage in reaching adulthood.
4 今天 ，我们同样需要认识一个新的人生阶段：从高中毕业到上大学，然后到成家立业，即所
谓的奥德赛岁月。 由于年轻人正按照一种不同的模式生活，最近的趋势出现了根本性 的变化。
他们从学校休学，与朋友同 住，也常回去与父母同住。同样，他们恋爱又失恋，辞掉一份工作
又去寻找新的，甚至改行。 因此，我们需要认识这个新阶段——奥德赛岁月。 现在许多人认
为这是步入成年之前的一个难以回避的阶段。

5 People who were born prior to the 60s or 70s in the last century tended to frame their concept of
adulthood based upon achieving certain accomplishments: moving away from home, becoming
financially independent, finding the right spouse and starting a family. But that emphasis on stability
did not remain static. Today, young people are unlikely to do the same. During the odyssey years, a

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high proportion of young people are delaying marriage, child bearing, and even employment.
5 出生于上个世纪 60 年代或 70 年代之前的人们往往会将成年的概念基于是否取得了某些
成就：从父母家搬走，经济上独立，找到合适的配偶并组织家庭。 但是，对稳定的强调并 没
能保持不变。今天，年轻人不太可能仿效他们的父母。 在奥德赛岁月中，相当比例的年 轻人
都推迟结婚、生子，甚至推迟就业。

6 The odyssey years can saddle young people with enormous pressure to move forward quickly. As
the sole heir and focus of their parents' expectations, hopes and dreams, some react with rebellious
and prideful attitudes and behavior toward their parents. They often resent the pressure they're
feeling and keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home. Their confusion comes
from the difficulties to make parents understand them and the fluid journey of discovery they need in
this phase of their lives. To get away from this confusion and upset, many young people resort to
computer games, iPods, iPhones, or iPads, to help distract them from their pain and stress.
6 奥德赛岁月使年轻人承受了巨大的压力，迫使他们快速往前冲。 作为他们父母唯一的继 承
人和所有期望、希望和梦想的聚焦，有些年轻人以叛逆和桀骜不驯的行为和态度对待父 母。
他们往往憎恨他们所感到的压力，并同他们的父母保持距离，甚至离家出走。他们的困惑源于
很难让家长 了解他们，也源于这段需要进行自我探索的、不确定的人生之旅。 为 了逃避困惑
和不安，许多年轻人诉诸电脑游戏，iPod，iPhone 或 iPad，以帮助分散他们的 痛苦和压力。

7 Likewise, their parents are feeling more anxious. They may make allowances for a transition phase
from student life to adult life, but they get upset when they see the transition of their grown children's
lives moving away from their expectations and stretching five years to seven years, and beyond. The
parents don't even detect a clear sense of direction in their children's lives. They look at them and see
the things that are being delayed.

7 同样，他们的父母更是着急。虽然他们理解从学生到成年需要一个过渡阶段，但看到他 们
已成年子女的过渡阶段的生活与他们的期望渐行渐远，过渡阶段延至五年，七年，甚至更 长
时，他们感到生气。父母甚至不能清楚地觉察到他们孩子未来生活的方向，只能看着他 们，
看着要做的事被拖延着。

8 It's hard to predict what's next. New guidelines haven't been established yet, and everything seems
to give way to a less permanent version of itself. There's been a shift in the status and balance of
power between the genders, too. More women are getting degrees than men. Male wages have
remained stable over the past decades, while female wages have boomed.
8 接下来会如何发展很难预测。新的准则还没有建立，一切似乎都被一个不确定的版本所 取
代。两性之间地位和权力的平衡也有了转变。 取得学位的女性比男性更多。男性的工资 在过
去的几十年里一直停滞不前，而女性的工资却出现激增。

9 Apart from anything else, this has had an implicit effect on courtship. Educated women can get
many of the things they want, such as security, accomplishment, and identity without marriage.
However, both genders are having a harder time finding suitable mates to build their lives with.
Considering all of this, it's beneficial to know that even though graduates are delaying many things
after college, surveys show they still hold highly traditional aspirations. For example, this
contemporary generation rates parenthood even more highly than previous generations did!

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9 别的不说，这对择偶产生了不言而喻的影响。即使未婚，受过教育的妇女仍可以得到很 多
她们想要的东西，如安全感，成就感，和认同感。不过，不论男女都更难找到合适的伴 侣来
一同建立他们的生活。在讨论这一切时，有助于让大家知道，即使毕业生离开大学后 推迟了
做很多事，调查结果显示，他们仍持有很传统的愿望。例如，当今的一代比以前的几 代对如
何扮演好父母的角色有着更高的要求。

10 This new phase will likely grow more pronounced in the coming years. Nations around the world
have witnessed similar trends toward delaying marriage and spending more years than ever shifting
between higher education and settling down with a career and family.
10 这一新阶段在未来几年可能更明显。 世界各国都目睹了相似的趋势，人们推迟结婚，花 更
多年的时间徘徊在接受高等教育和建立职业生涯及家庭之间。

11 Nevertheless, graduates shouldn't be deceived into thinking they can back off simply because
things have become more difficult. A large number of people chasing relatively fewer opportunities
can create strong competitive pressure. So, from the outset, keep your résumé professional and
up-to-date.
11 然而，毕业生不应误认为因情况已变得更困难，他们就可以放弃。 大批的人努力角逐相 对
较少的机会，这会导致强大的竞争压力。 所以，从一开始你就要将个人简历写得很专业，并
做到随时更新。

12 To reinforce this essential message, success moving through the odyssey years will come to those
who don't expect to achieve their goals right away but know that they must have the strength,
capacity and confidence to endure over the long term. If you're a little late with your goals, don't feel
like a failure! Stay strong, be positive, and keep focused! Someday you will look back and wonder at
the vast changes as you passed through the odyssey years.
12 要强化这一重要信息：顺利度过奥德赛岁月的将是那些不急于即刻实现目标的人——但 这
些人知道他们必须保持实力、能力、信心去度过这段较长的岁月。 如果你的目标起步稍 晚了
点，不要认为自己是个失败者！ 意志坚定，态度积极，并集中精力！ 有一天，你会回 头审
视，并对奥德赛岁月给你带来的巨大改变感到惊叹。


Unit 4 Section A College sweethearts

1 I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so much more mature than we, their parents,
when we were college sweethearts. Linda, who's 21, had a boyfriend in her freshman year she
thought she would marry, but they're not together anymore. Melissa, who's 19, hasn't had a steady
boyfriend yet. My daughters wonder when they will meet
their father and I had a classic fairy-tale romance heading for marriage from the outset. Perhaps,
they're right but it didn't seem so at the time. In a way, love just happens when you least expect it.
Who would have thought that Butch and I would end up getting married to each other? He became
my boyfriend because of my shallow agenda: I wanted a cute boyfriend!
1 我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的女儿，她们似乎比她们的父母还是大学情侣那会儿更为成 熟。
琳达，21 岁，在大学一年级交过一个男友，她曾以为会跟那个男孩结婚，但他们已不 再来往

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了。 梅丽莎，19 岁，还没有一个固定的男友。 我的女儿不知何时才能遇到她们的那 个“唯
一”，她们伟大的爱。 她们认为她们的父亲和我有着一段经典的、童话般的浪漫史，从 一开
始就直奔婚姻的殿堂。 也许，她们是正确的，但在那时似乎并不是那么回事。 在某种 程度
上，爱神恰恰在你最没准备时来临。 谁曾想到，布奇和我最终会结婚呢？ 他之所以成 为我
男友，只是因为当时我那肤浅的打算：我要找一个可爱的男友！

2 We met through my college roommate at the university cafeteria. That fateful night, I was merely
curious, but for him I think it was love at first sight.
my face. He kept staring at me all night long. I really wasn't that interested for two reasons. First, he
looked like he was a really wild boy, maybe even dangerous. Second, although he was very cute, he
seemed a little weird.
2 我们通过我的大学室友介绍在大学食堂相识。 在那个命中注定的夜晚，我只是好奇，但 对
他而言，我认为是一见钟情。 他凝视着我的脸，说：“你有一双美丽的眼睛。” 他整个晚 上
一直盯着我。 我真的对他没那么感兴趣，其原因有二。 首先，他看起来就像是一个野小 子，
甚至还有些危险。 其次，虽然他很可爱，却似乎有点怪异。

3 Riding on his bicycle, he'd ride past my dorm as if
me. I liked the attention but was cautious about his wild, dynamic personality. He had a charming
way with words which would charm any girl. Fear came over me when I started to fall in love. His
exciting
an excellent reputation. My concentration was solely on my studies to get superior grades. But for
what? College is supposed to be a time of great learning and also some fun. I had nearly achieved a
great education, and graduation was just one semester away. But I hadn't had any fun; my life was
stale with no component of fun! I needed a just any boyfriend. He had to be cute. My
goal that semester became: Be ambitious and grab the cutest boyfriend I can find.
3 他骑着自行车经过我的宿舍，装作与我“偶遇”，看到我时还假装惊讶。 我喜欢被重视的感 觉，
但对他的野性和充满活力的个性却小心谨慎。 他很会说话，这会迷倒任何女孩。 当我 开始
爱上他时，恐惧向我袭来。 他那令人激动的“坏小子形象”简直太诱人了。 究竟是什么 吸引
了我？ 我，一直口碑极好。 为了获得优异的成绩，我的注意力只专注在自己的学习 上。 但
又怎么样呢？大学应该是学习的好时间，可也应该有一些乐趣。 我已几乎达成了伟 大的教育
目标，离毕业只有一学期之遥了。 但我却还没有享受过任何乐趣，我的生活乏味， 没有一点
新鲜感！ 我需要一个男朋友，当然不是任何男朋友。 他必须很可爱。 于是我那个 学期的目
标就成为：雄心勃勃，抓住一个我能找到的最可爱的男友。

4 I worried what he'd think of me. True, we lived in a time when a dramatic shift in sexual attitudes
was taking place, but I was a traditional girl who wasn't ready for the new ways that seemed common
on campus. Butch looked superb! I was not immune to his personality, but I was scared. The night
when he announced to the world that I was his girlfriend, I went along with him. And then I suddenly
thought:
in my ear and said,
4 我担心他会怎么看我。 不错，我们生活在一个性观念正在发生戏剧性转变的时代，但我 是
一个传统的女孩，对在校园里似乎常见的新方式还没有心理准备。 布奇看上去很出色！ 我 对
他的个性毫无免疫力，但我对此很害怕。 那天晚上当他向大家宣布我是他女友时，我是 同意
的。 但我随后突然清醒：“噢，我的天哪！我是他女友吗？这是怎么回事？” 紧接着， 他在

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我耳边低声地甜言蜜语：“有一天我要娶你，我会成为一名律师。你会看到这一天的。”

5 I was laughing inside and said to myself,
future. He's my boyfriend because I hate my boring student life. I just want to have fun.
5 我笑着对自己说： “我绝不会嫁给这个家伙。他是一个没有前途的叛逆者。他是我男朋友，
只因为我恨枯燥的学生生活。我只想得到乐趣而已。”

6 Sure enough, the following month, I found out he had failed all his courses. Consequently, he was
going to be expelled from the university. To my disgust, he seemed resigned to his fate. I knew there
was hope, so I led him to the college secretary for reconsideration.
6 果然，一个月后，我发现他所有的课程都不及格。 因而，他将被大学除名。 令我厌恶的是，
他似乎屈从了自己的命运。 我知道还有希望，所以我让他去学院的秘书那儿进行复议。

7
of Law,I told him, lodging an appeal on his behalf, which was approved. Butch was granted
reconsideration. And, once we became steadies, he coordinated his studies and social life, passing all
of his classes. He eventually studied law.
7 我告诉他：“你要先从宾夕法尼亚大学拿到政治学学士学位，然后进入法律学院。”我以他 的
名义递交了呈请书，结果被批准了。 校方同意复议布奇的情况。 我们的男女朋友关系一 经
确定，他就协调了他的学习和社交生活，结果各门课都通过了。 他最终学了法律。

8 Despite Butch's somewhat wild character, at his core, he is always a perfect gentleman and
deserves a lot of credit for that. True, he'd sometimes take the liberty of displaying his love by
planting a kiss on my lips right in front of my astonished friends who watched and disapproved. But
the truth is we had a pure and responsible relationship for seven full years. Sitting by the palm trees,
hand in hand, we would listen to romantic songs, watch the sunset, and weave dreams of being
together with children of our own, forever.
8 尽管布奇的性格有点野，但他在骨子里却是一个完美的绅士，这值得高度赞扬。的确， 他
有时会在我朋友面前亲吻我的嘴，擅自表达他的爱。我的朋友看到了很惊讶，也很不以为 然。 但事实上，我们在整整七年的恋爱关系中一直是纯洁和负责的。我们坐在棕榈树下，手牵着手，
听着 浪漫的歌曲，观赏着日落，编织着和我们自己的孩子在一起的美梦，一直到 永远。

9 Two years passed in a blur. One day, Butch took me by surprise as he knelt down and proposed
marriage holding a dozen red roses! Filled with deep emotion, I confessed my love for him,
roooomaaaantic!!
too young to tie the knot. We haven't even graduated from college yet!
pessimistic about our chances for success.
9 两年糊里糊涂地过去了。 一天，布奇出其不意地手捧着一打红玫瑰跪下向我求婚。 我心 中
充满了深情，也坦诚了对他的爱：“太太太太太浪漫了！！” 可我随即从幻想中惊醒。 我 大喊
出来：“天哪。不！我们现在结婚还太早了。我们甚至还没有大学毕业呢！” 我真的很喜 欢他，
但我对我们感情修成正果的机率却持悲观态度。

10 We married five years later.
10 五年后，我们结了婚。

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11 Our faithful journey of love and learning took us down rocky roads of hardship and on smooth
easy-going highways. It is a long, romantic, sometimes crazy, love story that sums up a 29-year long
honeymoon together as a couple who are still madly in love with each other. Our love commenced
with a casual attraction but bloomed into a mature love and rich life.
11 我们忠实的爱和学习之旅带我们走过艰难崎岖的岩石路，走上平坦易行的公路。 它是一 个
永久、浪漫，有时又疯狂的爱情故事。它诠释了一对仍在疯狂地爱着对方的夫妇如何一起 度
过了 29 年之久的蜜月。 我们的爱从漫不经心的互相吸引开始，但最终却发展出成熟的爱 情
和富足的生活。



Unit 5 Section A Spend or save — The student's dilemma
花钱还是存钱，学生进退维谷
1 Do you feel as confused and manipulated as I do with this question,
save?I think that the messages we get from our environment seem to defy common sense and
contradict each other. The government tells us to spend or we'll never get out of the recession. At the
same time, they tell us that unless we save more, our country is in grave danger. Banks offer higher
interest rates so we increase savings. Then the same banks send us credit card offers so we can spend
more.
1 你是不是跟我一样对“我应该花钱还是存钱”这个问题感到困惑，且有被操纵的感觉？ 我觉
得我们从生活的环境里所获得的信息似乎是有违常识、互相矛盾的。 政府告诉我们要花钱， 否
则我们将永远走不出衰退；与此同时，他们又告诉我们，除非我们节省更多的钱，否则我 们
的国家会处于严重危险之中。 银行提供较高的利率以增加储蓄。 然后，同样是这些银行 又
提供信用卡让我们可以花更多的钱。

2 Here's another familiar example: If we don't pay our credit card bill on time, we get demanding,
nasty emails from the credit card company saying something like: failure to pay is
unacceptable. Pay immediately or you'll be in trouble!-up
email in a charming tone telling us how valuable a customer we are and encouraging us to resume
depiction is correct: a failing consumer in trouble or a valued customer? The gap
between these two messages is enormous.
2 这里还有一个大家熟悉的例子：如果我们不按时支付信用卡账单，我们会收到从信用卡 公
司发来的类似这样的令人讨厌的催缴账单的电子邮件：不还款是不可接受的。请立即缴付， 否
则后果自负！ 之后，一旦还款，我们就会收到一封跟进的电子邮件，语气和蔼可亲，说 我们
是多么宝贵的客户，并鼓励我们继续花钱。 到底哪一个描述是正确的？有麻烦的失败 消费者
还是宝贵的客户？ 这两者之间可是天壤之别！

3 The paradox is that every day we get two sets of messages at odds with each other. One is the
perspective, spend, get it now. You need this!The other we could call an
message, which urges us, hard and save. Suspend your desires. Avoid luxuries.
Control your appetite for more than you truly need.

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from school, from parents, even from political figures referring to
family loyalty, and the capacity to postpone desires are core American values that have made our
country great.
3 自相矛盾的情况还有，我们每天都收到彼此相左的两种信息。 一种从“纵容”的角度，让我 们
“买东西，花钱，现在就得到它。你需要这个！” 另外一种，我们可称之为“正直”的信息， 它
力劝我们：“努力工作，把钱存起来。控制你的欲望，不要买奢侈品，不要垂涎那些你并 不真
正需要的东西。” 这类信息来源甚多，有学校方面的，有家长方面的，甚至还来自提及 传统
价值观的政治人物。 艰苦创业，忠于家庭、能推迟欲望是美国价值观的核心，它使我 们的国
家变得强大。

4 But the opposite message, advertising's permissive message, is inescapable. Though sometimes
disguised, the messages are everywhere we look: on TV, in movies on printed media and road signs,
in stores, and on busses, trains and subways. Advertisementsinvade our daily lives. We are constantly
surrounded by the message to spend, spend, spend. Someone recently said,
escape advertising is when you're in your bed asleep!
4 但相反的信息，即那些纵容人们不断花钱的广告，无所不在。 虽然此类信息有时经过了 乔
装打扮，但仍随处可见，电视、电影、印刷媒介和路牌、商店，及公共汽车、火车和地铁 上，
比比皆是。 广告侵入了我们的日常生活。 我们时时被包围在花钱，花钱，花钱的信息 中。
最近有人说：“唯一可以逃脱广告的时候是当在床上睡着时！”

5 It's been calculated that by the age of 18, the average American will have seen 600,000 ads; by the
age of 40, the total is almost one million. Each advertisement is doing its utmost to influence our
diverse buying decisions, from the breakfast cereal we eat to whichcruise line we will use for our
vacation. There is no shortage of ideas and things to buy! Now, of course, we don't remember exactly
what the products were, but the essential message is cemented into our consciousness,
satisfy your desires. You should have what you want. You deserve the best. So, you should buy it —
now!
makes me feel good. I derive pleasure from nice things and feel nourished by them. I used to put
things off. Not anymore. Today I'll buy new ski equipment, look at new compact cars, and buy that
camera I've always wanted. I live my dreams today, not tomorrow.
5 据计算，普通的美国人到 18 岁时，会看过 60 万则广告；到 40 岁时，看过的广告总数近
百万。 每个广告都在尽最大努力影响我们形形色色的购买决定——从我们吃的早餐麦片到 我
们的假期将使用哪条邮轮线路。 决不会缺少怎么花钱和买什么东西的广告！ 现在，我们 当
然不能确切地记得广告上的产品，但重要的信息已凝聚在我们的意识里：“要满足你的愿 望。
你应该拥有你想要的。你应该得到最好的。所以，你应该买下它——现在！”一个著名 的广告
诠释得很完美：“我爱自己。我是自己的好朋友。我做让我感觉舒服的事。我从精美 的东西里< br>得到乐趣，并感觉到它们给我的滋养。我过去常想着等一下再买，现在再也不会了。今天，我
会购 买全新的滑雪装备，看看新型的小巧灵便的轿车，买下那台我一直想要的相机。 我今天
就要实现我的梦想，不会等到明天。”

6 What happens as we take in these contradictory but explicit messages? What are the psychological
and social consequences of this campaign to control our spending habits? On one hand, we want
more things because we want to satisfy our material appetite. Most of us derive pleasure from
treating ourselves. On the other hand, a little voice inside us echoes those upright messages:

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out, takestock of your life, don't let your attention get scattered. Postpone your desires. Don't fall into
debt. Wait! Retain control over your own life. It will make you stronger.
6 当我们接受这些相互矛盾但很明确的信息时，会有什么事情发生呢？ 这种控制我们花钱 习
惯的宣传活动会造成什么心理和社会上的影响呢？ 一方面，我们希望买更多的东西，来 满足
我们的物质欲望。 我们中的大多数通过善待自己来得到乐趣。 与此同时，我们身体里 面有
一个微弱的声音与那些正直的信息在共鸣：“当心，要掂量掂量自己的生活，不要让注 意力分
散。推迟欲望。不要陷入债务。要等待！保留对自己生活的控制权。这会让你更坚强。 ”

7 Anyway, many of the skills you need as a successful student can be applied to your finances.
Consider your financial well-being as a key ingredient of your university education as money worries
are extremely stressful and distracting. They can make you feel terrible and hinder your ability to
focus on your prime objective: successfully completing your education.
7 总之，一个成功的学生所需要的很多技能可以应用到你的财务中去。 把良好的财务状况 看
成是大学教育中的一个关键因素，因为对金钱的担忧会让人倍感压力，并让人分心。 它 们会
让你感觉很糟糕，并阻止你专注首要目标，即成功完成学业。

8 How can you be a smart and educated consumer? Many schools, community organizations, and
even some banks offer financial literacy classes. Consider consulting with your school's financial aid
office or seek input from your parents or other respected adults in setting up a budget. An additional
option is finding a partner to help you stay on track and find pleasure in the administration of your
own financial affairs. Most importantly, if you find yourself getting into financial trouble, don't let
your ego get in your way; urgently get help with tackling your problem before it spins out of control
and lands you in legal troubles.
8 怎样才能成为一个聪明、有相关知识的消费者呢？ 许多学校、社区组织，甚至一些银行 都
提供金融扫盲班。可以考虑向学校的财务援助办公室咨询，或向父母或其他值得尊敬的成 年
人请教如何建立一个预算方案。 另外一个选择是找一个合作伙伴来帮你保持良好的财务 状况，
并在管理自己的金融事务中找到乐趣。 最重要的是，如果你发现自己正陷入财务困 境，不要
让你的自大妨碍你，在情况变得失控并惹上法律麻烦前，赶紧寻求帮助来解决问题。

9 All this will help you become an educated consumer and saver. As you learn to balance spending
and saving, you will become the captain of your own ship,steering your life in a successful and
productive direction through the choppy waters.
9 这一切都将帮助你成为一个拥有相关知识的消费者和储蓄者。 学会了如何平衡支出和储 蓄，
你就会成为你自己的船长，驾驶着你的生活之船，乘风破浪，驶向成功和富有。

Unit 6 Section A Door closer, are you?

关门者”，你是吗？
1 The next time you're deciding between rival options, one which is primary and the other which is
secondary, ask yourself this question: What would Xiang Yu do?
1 下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时，不妨问自己这样一个 问
题：项羽会怎么做？


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2 Xiang Yu was a Chinese imperial general in the third century BC who took his troops across the
Zhang River on a raid into enemy territory. To his troops' astonishment, he ordered their cooking pots
crushed and their sailing ships burned.
2 项羽是公元前三世纪中国古代王朝的一位将军。他带领他的部队横渡漳河，突袭进入了 敌
方的领地。 他下令砸锅烧船，令他的部队大为震惊。

3 He explained that he was imposing on them a necessity for attaining victory over their opponents.
What he said was surely motivating, but it wasn't really appreciated by many of his loyal soldiers as
they watched their vessels go up in flames. But the genius of General Xiang Yu's conviction would
be validated both on the battlefield and in modern social science research. General Xiang Yu was a
rare exception to the norm, a veteran leader who was highly respected for his many conquests and
who achieved the summit of success.
3 他解释道，他强加给他们的是战胜对手的必要举措。他所说的无疑十分鼓舞士气，但当 他
那许多忠诚的士兵眼睁睁地看着他们的船只在火焰中被焚毁时，他们并不赞成他的做 法。 不
过项羽将军的这种砸锅焚船的做法所显示出的天赋，在战场上和现代社会科学研究 中都将得
到肯定。 项羽将军是一个罕见的不墨守成规的人，他是一位经验丰富的领袖，由 于他征战无
数并达到了成功的顶峰，他深受尊敬。

4 He is featured in Dan Ariely's enlightening new publication, Predictably Irrational, a fascinating
investigation of seemingly irrational human behavior, such as the tendency for keeping multiple
options open. Most people can't marshal the will for painful choices, not even students at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where Dr. Ariely teaches behavioral economics. In an
experiment that investigated decision-making, hundreds of students couldn't bear to let their options
vanish, even though it was clear they wouldprofit from doing so.
4 丹· 阿雷利极富启迪性的新书 《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。这本书对看似 非
理性的人类行为，譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向，进行了引人入胜的调查。 大 多数
人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择，麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门 课的
学生也不例外。 在调查作决策的一项实验中，几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们 的选择
机会消失，即使他们很清楚这样做对他们有利。

5 The experiment revolved around a game that eliminated the excuses we usually have for refusing
to let go. In the real world, we can always say, good to preserve our a good
example? A teenager is exhausted from soccer, ballet, piano, and Chinese lessons, but her parents
won't stop any one of them because they might come in handy some day!
5 实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的，这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。 在现实世界 里，
我们总会说：“保留我们的选择机会是对的。” 想要一个好的例子吗？ 一个十多岁的女 孩被
足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽，但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动， 理
由是它们有一天可能会派上用场！

6 In the experiment sessions, students played a computer game that provided cash behind three doors
appearing on the screen. The rule was the more money you earned, the better player you were, given
a total of 100 clicks. Every time the students opened a door by clicking on it, they would use up one
click but wouldn't get any money. However, each subsequent click on that door would earn a
fluctuating sum of money, with one door always revealing more money than the others. The

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important part of the rule was each door switch, though having no cash value, would also use up one
of the 100 clicks. Therefore, the winning strategy was to quickly check all the doors and keep
clicking on the one with the seemingly highest rewards.
6 在这个实验里，学生要玩一个电脑游戏: 在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门，每扇门后都会提供 一
些现金。 该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击 100 次，你点击获取的钱越多，你就玩得越 好。
学生每点击一次打开一扇门，他们会用掉一个点击数，但却不会得到任何钱。 然而，
随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱，三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两
扇多。 这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报，可还是会用掉一次点击数。 所 以，
制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门，然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。

7 While playing the game, students noticed a modified visual element: Any door left un-clicked for a
short while would shrink in size and vanish. Since they already understood the game, they should
have ignored the vanishing doors. Nevertheless, they hurried to click on the lesser doors before they
vanished, trying to keep them open. As a result, they wasted so many clicks rushing back to the
vanishing doors that they lost money in the end. Why were the students so attached to the lesser
doors? They would probably protest that they were clinging to the doors to keep future options open,
but, according to Dr. Ariely, that isn't the true factor.
7 在玩游戏时，学生们注意到了一个视觉上的变化：如果有片刻没点击某扇门，那扇门就 会
慢慢缩小并消失。由于他们已了解了游戏规则，他们本应对要消失的门不予理睬。 然而， 在
它们消失以前，他们却迫不及待地去点击那些变小的门，试图让它们开启着。 结果是， 他们
在匆忙回去点击那些快消失的门时浪费了很多点击数以至于最后输了钱。 为什么学生 对那些
变小的门如此依恋呢？ 他们可能会争辩说，他们紧抓住这些门是为将来多留一些机 会。但是，
据阿雷利博士说，这不是真正的原因。

8 Instead of the excuse to maintain future options open, underneath it all the students' desire was to
avoid the immediate, though temporary, pain of watching options close.
is experienced as a loss, and people are willing to pay a big price to avoid the emotion of loss,
Ariely says. In the experiment, the price was easily measured in lost cash. In life, the corresponding
costs are often less obvious such as wasted time or missed opportunities.
8 在他们为将来多留一些机会的借口背后反映出的是所有的学生都不堪目睹眼前的选择机 会
被剥夺，尽管这种痛苦是临时的。 阿雷利博士说：“每闭上一扇选择之门就如同经受了一 次
损失，人们宁愿付出很大的代价，也要避免情感的失落。” 在实验中，损失很容易用丢失 的
现金来衡量。 在生活中，相应的损失就往往没那么明显，如浪费时间，错过机会。

9

is slipping away.
9 “有时候，这些门是慢慢关闭的，我们没有看到它们在悄然消失，”阿雷利博士写道：“我们 可
能花很多时间在工作上，却没有意识到我们子女的童年正在悄悄溜走。”

10 So, what can be done to restore balance in our lives? One answer, Dr. Ariely says, is to implement
more prohibitions on overbooking. We can work to reduce options on our own, delegating tasks to
others and even giving away ideas for others to pursue. He points to marriage as an example,
marriage, we create a situation where we promise ourselves not to keep options open. We close doors

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and announce to others we've closed doors.
10 那么，我们可以做些什么让我们的生活恢复平衡呢？阿雷利博士说，一个办法是制止更 多
的超额预约。 我们可以自己减少选择，将任务委派给其他人，甚至放弃一些点子，让其 他人
去做。 他用婚姻作为例子：“在婚姻中，我们承诺不保留选择机会，我们就创造了获得 最佳
选择的有利局面。我们关上可选择的门，并告诉别人我们已作出选择。”

11 Since conducting the door experiment, Dr. Ariely says he has made a conscious effort to lessen his
load. He urges the rest of us to resign from committees, prune holiday card lists, rethink hobbies and
remember the lessons of door closers like Xiang Yu.
11 阿雷利博士说，自从进行了这个点击门的实验，他已经有意识地努力减轻自己的负担。 他
敦促我们辞去委员会的工作，删减送节日贺卡的名单，重新思考兴趣爱好，并记住像项羽那 样
的关门者给我们的启示。

12 In other words, Dr. Ariely is encouraging us to discard those things that seem to have outward
merit in favor of those things that actually enrich our lives. We are naturally prejudiced to believe
that more is better, but Dr. Ariely's research provides a dose of reality that strongly suggests
otherwise.
12 换言之，他是鼓励我们放弃那些似乎只有表面价值的东西，而去追求那些能真正丰富我 们
生活的东西。 我们很自然、很偏执地相信选择越多越好，但阿雷利博士的研究却强有力 地告
诉我们事实并非如此。

13 What price do we pay for trying to have more and more in life? What pleasure and satisfaction
can be derived from focusing our energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion? Surely, we
will have our respective answers.
13 我们想在生活中得到越来越多选择的代价是什么？我们能从更集中的精力和注意力中 获
得什么样的喜悦和满足？ 当然，我们每个人都会有自己的答案。

14 Consider these important questions: Will we have more by always increasing options or will we
have more with fewer, carefully chosen options? What doors should we close in order to allow the
right windows of opportunity and happiness to open?
14 试想一下这些重要的问题：怎么做会使我们获得更多，是不断增加选择，还是只保持少 数
精心挑选的选择？ 我们应关闭什么门，以便让机会和幸福之窗打开？

Unit 7 section A Woman at the management level
女性管理者
1 When Monica applied for a job as an administrative assistant in 1971, she was asked whether she
would rather work for a male or a female attorney.
male-bossfemale- employee relationship was more natural, needing no personal accommodation
whatsoever.
surprised that female bosses are much more accessible to their employees; they're much more
sensitive and intimate with their employees.
1 当莫妮卡 1971 年申请一个行政助理的工作时，有人问她想与男律师共事还是与女律师共

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事。 “我马上说想与男律师共事，”她说。 “我认为男老板和女雇员的关系更自然，丝毫不需 互
相调整。 ” 但 20 年后，有人问她同样的问题时，她说： “令我感到惊喜的是，对员工来说，
女上司更容易接近，她们更能理解人，与员工更亲密。”

2 Female bosses today are still finding they face subtle resistance. There is still a segment of the
population, both men and, surprisingly, women who report low tolerance for female bosses. The
growing presence of female bosses has also provoked two major questions that revolve around styles:
Do men and women manage differently, and, if so, is that a good thing?
2 今天的女上司仍然发现，她们面临着不易察觉的阻力。 还是有一部分人——有男性，令 人
惊讶的是还有女性——说很难忍受为女性工作。 女上司的不断涌现，也引出了与工作方 式有
关的两个主要问题：男人和女人管理风格不同吗？如果有不同，是一件好事吗？

3 Monica is disposed to think so, on both counts. Now a 40-year-old mother of four, she is president
of a public sector labor union with 45,000 members. with my employees are probably
different from those of male managers preceding me,
and say my kid got the mumps so I won't be coming in. I have a more flexible style — not soft, just
more understanding.
always looking for a consensus. People are happy and flourish because they have an input into
decisions and they are not mere bystanders; their energies are harnessed. On the other hand,
consensus takes longer.
3 莫妮卡对这两个问题都持肯定的意见。 莫妮卡现在 40 岁，有四个孩子，并且是一位拥有
45,000 名成员的公共部门工会的主席。 “我与员工的关系可能跟在我之前的前任男性主管不
同， ”她说。 “我知道当有人不得不打电话来说孩子得了腮腺炎而不能来上班是一种什么样的
状况。我的风格更灵活，这不是软弱，只是多了一点理解。” 莫妮卡的男助理表示赞成：“她 往
往放权更多，并总是寻求共识。大家都很开心，也有成就感，因为他们参与了决策，而不
是单纯的旁观者。他们的能量得到了利用。当然从另一方面看，通过协商而达成一致意见需 要
的时间要长一些。”

4 So, are the differences symbolic or real? Plausible studies suggest that men are typically
hierarchical, goal-oriented and feel entitled. Women, by contrast, manage diplomatically, and share
power. That point of view is often challenged and argued. Some proclaim that men and women of
similar backgrounds, experience and aspirations basically manage in the same way. This view is
echoed by younger women, especially those who have encountered little gender discrimination. That
was certainly the lesson for Nicole. When her father died of a heart attack, she was an employee at a
petroleum products export company. She quit and took over her family's 160-acre fruit farm in
's County. On her first day in the field, a worker called her
me. I was shaking with anger,says Nicole, now 34. stood erect and said, ‘You wouldn't have
called my father darling and you're not going to take that liberty with me. If you do, I'll fire you.'
4 那么，这种差异是象征性的还是实质性的呢？ 可靠的研究指出，男人通常有等级观念， 以
目标为导向，喜欢有权力的感觉。 相反，女人则是灵活变通的，愿意分享权力。 这一观 点
往往受到质疑和争论。 有人宣称，有类似的背景、经验和抱负的男女，基本上管理方式 相同。
那些年轻女性，特别是很少遭受性别歧视的女性，也是这样认为的。 妮可尔无疑从 中得到了
教训。 当她的父亲因心脏病去世时，她是一家石油产品出口公司的雇员。 她辞了 职，接管
了她家在圣大卫县 160 英亩的果园。 她第一天出现在果园时，一名工人称她为“亲 爱的”。

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“他是想试探我。我气得发抖，”现年 34 岁的妮可尔说。 “我挺直腰板站在那里跟他 说：‘你
不会称我父亲亲爱的，所以你也没有权利这样称呼我。如果你再这样做，我会解雇 你。’”

5 When women work for women, a different dynamic often takes over. Susan, a cashier in a Toronto
auction house, says that she has explored friendships with some of her female bosses and feels she
can rely on them more. While women may feel more at ease with a female boss, men often have to
make concessions to the new working styles. Brian, a marine biologist, says,
years before I felt comfortable enough to relax around a female manager. In fact, my relations with
her were much more businesslike.
5 当女性为女上司工作时，往往会用一种不同的工作和交流方式。 苏珊是多伦多一家拍卖 行
的收银员，她说，她与一些女上司建立起了友谊，她感到她们更能够依靠。 虽然女性可 能会
觉得与女上司相处时更自然，男性却往往不得不作出改变以适应女上司新的工作方 式。 海洋
生物学家布赖恩说：“我花了几年时间才能在与女经理共事时感到轻松自如。事实 上，之前我
与她的关系更多只是一种务实的工作关系。”

6 To some extent, the male-female differences come down to conflicting styles. One female
vice-president discussed the time she burst into tears during a meeting.
nuclear weapon in a conventional war. They take exception to a woman crying, inferring that she's
feeling unhappy or violated.
but genuine rage. we cry, it's because we have all this valid rage that has no appropriate
release,she says. cry; men get relief by going on with the offense or by veiling their
feelings to appear composed.
6 从某种程度上说，男女之间的差异归根结底是工作方式的冲突。 一位女副总裁谈到她在 一
次会议上忍不住落泪的经历时说：“男人认为女人的眼泪就是常规战争中的核武器。他们 对女
人的哭泣很不满，认为她们是感觉不愉快或受到了侵犯。” 男人不明白，促使她掉泪的 不是
因为受到伤害，而是真正的愤怒。 “我们哭泣是因为我们所有这一切合理的愤怒没有适 当的
地方释放，”她说。“女人通过哭来释放情绪，男人通过继续冒犯或掩盖自己的情绪以显 示镇
定自若来释放情绪。”

7 Deborah, president of a firm with its headquarters in Toronto, says that even if men do understand,
they sometimes react differently to the identical information and to her cooperative management
style.
7 德博拉是一家总部在多伦多的公司的总裁，她表示，即使男人明白是怎么回事，有时他 们
对同样的信息、对她的合作型管理风格也会有不同的反应。

8 Deborah says that her authority is sometimes undermined by perceptions about her gender.
stems from the whole social context of traditional roles for men and women,
tell you to do things, but perhaps you wouldn't take as much notice as when Dad told you to do
things. Men also have a stronger urge to control,
8 德博拉说，她的权威有时因性别观念作祟而受到损害。 “这源于整个社会对男性和女性的 传
统角色的界定，”她说。 “妈妈会让你做事情，但也许你不会像爸爸让你做事情那样在意。 男
人也有更强的控制欲。”她说。

9 For female bosses, the great expectation of some female employees is one more obstacle. Junior

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women assume a female boss will promote them more quickly than a man would. But, they also
expect female bosses to be more self-sufficient.
‘Why can't you do your own filing?'
9 对女上司来说，一些女员工过高的期望是另一个障碍。 职位较低的女员工认为女上司会 比
男上司更迅速地提拔她们。 但是，她们也希望女上司能揽下更多的事。一位资深的女主 管说：
“她们会问，‘为什么你不能自己扫描文件？’或‘为什么你不能自己整理文件？’”

10 On the other hand, there is no dispute that a few decades ago they would rarely have had a female
boss in the workplace. Nina, a management consultant says she's vaguely optimistic. looking
forward to the day, before I die, when we recognize that the best management styles will be
composed of the best that both genders bring to the table ...
dies, perhaps in her daughter's lifetime.
10 另一方面，几十年前人们工作的地方几乎不可能有女上司，这一点毫无争议。 管理顾问 尼
娜说自己审慎乐观。 “我期待某一天，在我临死之前，我们会意识到最好的管理风格是由 男
女双方带来的最佳组合……” 嗯，她停顿了一下，可能不是在她去世之前，也许在她女儿 的
有生之年会实现吧。


Unit 8 Section A Animals or children? — A scientist's choice
动物还是孩子？—— 一位科学家的选择
1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research.
These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor
because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school
and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances
against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I
also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support,
powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My
desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research.
1 我就是那个敌人！ 我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。 这 些
谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。 我成为一位儿科医生，因为我 爱孩
子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。 在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看 到了许
多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。 更重 要的是，
我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新 药物和外
科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。 我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事 医学研究。

2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no
moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that
my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches,
convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians
increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists.
2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。 他们声称我没有道德界限，我 折
磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相 关。 与
此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识 的参议员

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和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。

3 We, in medical research, have also been unbelievably uncaring. We have allowed the most extreme
animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of
persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal
research for public health. Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emotional tone of
the argument. Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by
waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds.
3 我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。 我们允许最极端的动物权利活 动
家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。 我们一直坚信，有 知
识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。 也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感 性基
调作出反应。 也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来 回应那
些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。

4 In the animal rights forum, much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the
name of medical science. Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our evil
and cruel nature. A more reasonable argument, however, can be advanced in our defense. Life is
often cruel to animals and human beings. Teenagers are flung from trucks and suffer severe head
injuries. Young children barely able to walk find themselves at the bottom of swimming pools while
a parent is occupied with something else. From everyday germs to gang violence, no life is free of
pain. Physicians hoping to relieve the eternal suffering of these tragedies have only three choices: 1)
create an animal model of the problem to understand the process and test new therapies; 2)
experiment on human beings (some experiments will succeed, most will fail); or 3) leave medical
knowledge static, hoping that accidental discoveries will lead us forward.
4 动物权利论坛大肆宣扬我们如何以医学的名义使这些动物经受巨大的痛苦。 动物权利活 动
家们否认我们正在努力帮助人类，并说这是我们邪恶和残忍本性的证据。然而，一个更合 理
的论点可用来为我们进行辩护。 生活往往对动物和人类都是残酷的。 青少年被甩到卡车 外，
导致头部严重受伤。 还不太会走路的孩子们溺水沉到游泳池底部时，他们的家长正忙 于其他
事务。 从常见的的细菌侵害到帮派的暴力，没有谁能不受伤害。 医生们希望能永远 减轻这
些悲剧带给人们身体上的痛苦，他们只有三个选择：1）用动物做实验，以了解整个 医疗过程
和测试新的疗法；2）进行人体实验（一些实验会成功，大多数会失败）；3）让 对医疗知识的
了解处于停滞状态，希望偶然的发现会带领我们向前。

5 Some animal rights activists would suggest an optional fourth choice, claiming that computer
models can create animal experiments, thus omitting actual experiments. Computers can imitate the
effects of well-understood principles on complex systems, as in the application of the laws of physics
to airplane and automobile design. However, when the principles themselves are in question, as is the
case with the complex biological systems of human life under study, computer modeling alone is of
little value.
5 一些动物权利活动家会提出第四个选项，他们声称计算机可以模拟动物实验，这样就可 省
去真实的实验过程。 计算机可以模拟一些为人所熟知的原理在复杂系统中的应用效果， 就如
物理规律在飞机和汽车设计中的应用那样。 然而，当原理本身有问题时，就跟正处于 研究阶
段的复杂的生物系统的情况一样，仅靠计算机模拟成效甚微。


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6 One of the terrifying effects of arresting the use of animals in medical research is that the impact
will not be felt for years or even decades. Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical
and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes that might
have been understood will remain mysteries. There is the danger that quick decisions by
well-meaning politicians will create resolution to diplomatically satisfy the small minority of loud
protestors while the consequences and damaging impact of those decisions will not be apparent until
long after.
6 阻止用动物来进行医学研究的可怕后果之一是，其影响要到几年甚至几十年后才能被人 知
晓：治愈感染的新药物将无法被发现，外科手术和诊断技术将得不到发展，那些有可能被 发
掘的基本生物学进程将是未解之谜。 危险的是，那些善意的政治家匆忙作出决定后拿出 的解
决方案只是策略性地满足了那一小部分大声疾呼的示威者，这些决定的后果和造成的破 坏性
影响要很久才会显现。

7 Fortunately, most of us enjoy good health, and the agony of watching one's child die has become a
rare experience. Yet our good fortune should not make us unappreciative. Protection from serious
sickness and drugs to combat heart disease, high blood pressure and stroke are all based on animal
research. Most complex surgical procedures such as heart or hip surgery and organ transplantation
surgeries were initially developed in animals. Techniques to replace defective genes, the cause of so
much disease, as well as the development of synthetic organs are presently undergoing animal
studies. These studies, and any subsequent advances, will effectively end if animal research is
severely restricted.
7 幸运的是，我们大多数人都享有健康的体魄，眼睁睁地看着孩子死亡之苦已不多见。 然 而，
对于能够享受健康或享受医学进步能带来的健康我们不应该不心存感激。 对严重疾病 的预防
和用于心脏病、高血压和中风的药物都基于对动物的研究。 大多复杂的外科手术， 如心脏或
髋关节手术、器官移植手术最初都是在动物实验中进行的。 取代导致众多疾病的 缺陷基因的
技术，以及人造器官的发展，目前正处于动物实验研究阶段。 如果动物研究严 格受限，这些
研究和其后的任何进展都将彻底地宣告结束。

8 In America today, death has become an event isolated from our daily existence. As a doctor who
has watched many children die and seen their parents' infinite grief, I am particularly angered by any
minute expression of caring for the suffering of creatures and so little for sick and dying human
beings. People are too protected from the reality of human life and death and what it means.
8 在今天的美国，死亡已经成为我们日常生活中孤立少见的事。 作为一个看见过许多儿童 死
亡和他们父母悲痛至极的医生，我感到特别愤怒的是，有人对动物的痛苦表达入微，但对 生
病和生命垂危的人却冷漠无情。 人们受到了太多的保护, 以至于他们感觉不到现实世界 里的
生与死，也感觉不到其所代表的真实意义。

9 Make no mistake, however. I would never advocate needless cruel treatment of animals. The
animal rights movement has made a contribution in making us more aware of animals' needs and the
need to search harder for suitable alternatives. But if the more radical members of this movement are
successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost many
lives. Hence the real question is whether an uncaring majority can be aroused to protect its future
against a loud, but misdirected, minority.
9 但别搞错，我从来不提倡对动物实行不必要的残忍对待。 动物权利运动使我们更加意识 到

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动物应有的权利，以及努力寻找合适替代品的需要。 但是，如果有更多的动物权利运动 的激
进分子成功地阻止了进一步的研究，那他们的努力会造成以许多人的生命为代价的悲 剧。 因
此，真正的问题是我们能否唤起大多数漠不关心的民众来保护动物实验的将来，以 反对嗓门
挺大、但却是被误导的那一小部分人。


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