小成本投资语言学填空题

2021年1月9日发(作者：边连宝)
Chapter1
1. function is realized by mood and modality.
【答案】Interpersonal
2. Halliday proposes a theory of metalingual functions of language, that
is, language has , interpersonal and textual functions.
【答案】ideational
3. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true
or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing
of an action. They are called p .
【答案】performative
1. studies meaning in language, is about
principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and
is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among
the main branches of linguistics.
【答案】semantics；syntax；morphology
2. In linguistics, refers to the study of the rules
governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or
simply, the study of the formation as sentences.
【答案】Syntax
3. studies how the speech sounds are made, transmitted, and
received, and studies the rules governing the structure,
distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.
【答案】phonetics; phonology
1. is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It
is concerned with the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition
of language; , on the other hand, attempts to show the
relationship between language and society. They both belong to branches
of macrolinguistics.
【答案】psycholinguistics sociolinguistics
2. Computational linguistics can be seen as a branch of applied
linguistics, dealing with computer of human language.
【答案】processing
1. grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while
grammars tell people what should be in the language. Most contemporary
linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should
be described.
【答案】 descriptive； prescriptive
2. In linguistics, languages are studied at a theoretical
point in time: one describes a ‘state’ of the language, disregarding
whatever changes might be taking place.
【答案】synchronic

Chapter2
1. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result
are most conveniently described in terms of place and of
articulation.
【答案】manner
2. are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract
at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air
in the oral cavity.
【答案】consonants

Chapter3
1. There are two fields of morphology: the study of and the
study of .
【答案】inflectional；lexicalderivational
2. A morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself.
【答案】bound
3. is a branch of linguistics that studies the
interrelationship between phonology and morphology.
【答案】Morphophonology
1. is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a
new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final
part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from
and .
【答案】blending；smoke；fog
2. The principle of Creation can account for the
co-existence of two forms, regular and irregular, in the conjugation of
some English verbs.
【答案】Analogical
3. Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a
shorter word is derived by deleting an affix from a longer form
already in the language.
【答案】imagined

Chapter4
refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also
called formal links between sentences and between clauses.
【答案】Cohesion

Chapter5
1. According to G Leech, meaning is the communicative value
an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely
conceptual content
【答案】connotative
2. According to G. Leech, meaning refers to what is
communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker／writer.
【答案】affective
1.“X buys something from Y” and “Y sells something to X” are in a relation
of .
【答案】converse antonymy
2. Terms like “desk” and “stool” are of the term
“furniture”.
【答案】(co-)hyponyms
3.“Tulip”, “rose” and “violet” are all included in the notion of
“flower”. Therefore, they are superordinates of “flower”
【答案】F

Chapter9
1. “The world is like a stage” is an example of , and “All the
world is a stage” is an example of . They are often used in analyzing
features of literary language.
nnn【答案】simile；metaphor
1. At different times, different patterns of metre and sound have
developed and become accepted as ways of structuring poems. Among them,
consists of lines in iambic pentameter which do not rhyme.
【答案】blank verse
2. A foot contains two syllables. A stressed syllable comes first,
following by an unstressed syllable.
【答案】trochee